Biomaterial Database

Nuclear envelope influences on genome organization. 2010

Poonam Malik, and Nikolaj Zuleger, and Eric C Schirmer

Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK.

The nuclear periphery is a specialized environment in the nucleus that contributes to genome organization and correspondingly to gene regulation. Mammalian chromosomes and certain genes occupy defined positions within the nucleus that are heritable and tissue specific. Genes located at the nuclear periphery tend to be inactive and this negative regulation can be reversed when they are released from the periphery in certain differentiation systems. Recent work using specially designed systems has shown that genes can be artificially tethered to the nuclear periphery by an affinity mechanism. The next important step will be to identify the endogenous NE (nuclear envelope) and chromatin proteins that participate in affinity-driven NE tethering and determine how they are regulated.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009685	Nuclear Envelope	The membrane system of the CELL NUCLEUS that surrounds the nucleoplasm. It consists of two concentric membranes separated by the perinuclear space. The structures of the envelope where it opens to the cytoplasm are called the nuclear pores (NUCLEAR PORE).	Nuclear Membrane,Envelope, Nuclear,Envelopes, Nuclear,Membrane, Nuclear,Membranes, Nuclear,Nuclear Envelopes,Nuclear Membranes
D002467	Cell Nucleus	Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	Cell Nuclei,Nuclei, Cell,Nucleus, Cell
D002843	Chromatin	The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.	Chromatins
D005786	Gene Expression Regulation	Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.	Gene Action Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression,Expression Regulation, Gene,Regulation, Gene Action,Regulation, Gene Expression
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D016678	Genome	The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.	Genomes