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We studied prospectively the ascitic fluid of 47 patients. Thirty-five were cirrhotics (group A) and 12 had malignant peritonitis (group B). All ascitic fluid samples were initially uninfected. We measured opsonic activity by a chemiluminescent assay, and chemoattractant activity by the under agarose technique. We also measured ascitic concentrations of C3, C4, fibronectin, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulins G, A and M and total proteins. All patients were followed throughout the presence of ascites. None of the group B patients developed peritoneal infection, nor did 23 of the group A patients (group A2). Twelve group A patients (group A1) developed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), four of them with recurrence. All indices except immunoglobulins A and M were significantly different between group A and group B patients. Comparing group A1 and group A2, only chemoattractant activity and concentrations of total proteins and C3 were significantly lower in group A1. Using a multivariate analysis with Cox's model, only C3 concentration had an independent predictive value for occurrence of SBP in cirrhotic patients.
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