Biomaterial Database

Hemodynamic and hormonal effects of exogenous adrenomedullin administration in humans and relationship to insulin resistance. 2010

Toshihiro Kita, and Yoshihiko Suzuki, and Kazuo Kitamura

Division of Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan. t-kita@po.sphere.ne.jp

Although adrenomedullin (AM) is a potent hypotensive peptide that acts mainly as a vasodilative and proliferation inhibitory factor, there have been few hemodynamic studies on AM in humans, especially concerning arterial stiffness and hormonal effects. In addition, AM is a suppressive factor in insulin resistance, suggesting that the effects of AM in a state of insulin resistance are important. To evaluate the effects of AM in humans, 28 participants were intravenously administered AM (5 pmol min(-1) kg(-1)) for 90 min. They also received a representative vasodilator drug, nicardipine, as a reference drug. Blood pressure, heart rate, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and blood flow were monitored throughout the experiment. Hormonal changes were also monitored by blood tests. The effects of AM were compared with those of nicardipine. In addition, the effects of AM were re-evaluated against insulin resistance state. AM and nicardipine produced the same level of hypotension, but AM showed a more potent ability to increase heart rate, blood flow and cardiac output and reduce PWV. AM and nicardipine similarly stimulated plasma noradrenaline and renin activity. However, in the state of insulin resistance, favorable effects of AM on aortic stiffness were blunted and differences between AM and nicardipine disappeared. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between maximum changes in the PWV induced by AM and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (r=0.58, P=0.001). Our results suggest that AM may improve arterial stiffness and act as a compensatory factor against arterial sclerosis. Moreover, decreased reactivity of AM may participate in the progression of arterial sclerosis in insulin resistance.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007333	Insulin Resistance	Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	Insulin Sensitivity,Resistance, Insulin,Sensitivity, Insulin
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D003187	Compliance	Distensibility measure of a chamber such as the lungs (LUNG COMPLIANCE) or bladder. Compliance is expressed as a change in volume per unit change in pressure.
D006439	Hemodynamics	The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.	Hemodynamic
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328	Adult	A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available.	Adults
D001158	Arteries	The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.	Artery
D014665	Vasodilator Agents	Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.	Vasoactive Antagonists,Vasodilator,Vasodilator Agent,Vasodilator Drug,Vasorelaxant,Vasodilator Drugs,Vasodilators,Vasorelaxants,Agent, Vasodilator,Agents, Vasodilator,Antagonists, Vasoactive,Drug, Vasodilator,Drugs, Vasodilator
D053607	Adrenomedullin	A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.	ADM (1-52),ADM(1-52),Adrenomedullin (1-52),PAMP(1-20)NH2,Proadrenomedullin (1-20),Proadrenomedullin N-Terminal 20 Peptide,Proadrenomedullin N Terminal 20 Peptide