Biomaterial Database

[Posterior cortical atrophy. Report of five cases]. 2009

Carolina Delgado D, and Archibaldo Donoso S

Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Santiago de Chile.

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome, usually due to Alzheimer's disease. The first symptoms are progressive impairment of visuo spatial (Balint's and Gertsmann's syndromes) or visuo perceptive (visual agnosia, alexia) function. Episodic memory and executive function are spared until later stages. We report two males aged 51 and 55years and three females aged 50, 54 and 56 years, with posterior cortical atrophy. Ophthalmologic study was normal in all. Presenting signs and symptoms were visual ataxia, simultagnosia, agraphia, acalculia, spatial disorientation and unilateral neglect (Balint's and Gerstmann's syndromes). Apperceptive visual agnosia, aphasia, apraxia and alexia were also observed. One female had cortical blindness. Structural images were inconclusive, but PET scan and SPECT disclosed functional impairments in occipitotemporal or occipitoparietal areas.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D009778	Occipital Lobe	Posterior portion of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES responsible for processing visual sensory information. It is located posterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus and extends to the preoccipital notch.	Annectant Gyrus,Calcarine Fissure,Calcarine Sulcus,Cuneate Lobule,Cuneus,Cuneus Cortex,Cuneus Gyrus,Gyrus Lingualis,Lingual Gyrus,Lunate Sulcus,Medial Occipitotemporal Gyrus,Occipital Cortex,Occipital Gyrus,Occipital Region,Occipital Sulcus,Sulcus Calcarinus,Calcarine Fissures,Calcarinus, Sulcus,Cortex, Cuneus,Cortex, Occipital,Cortices, Cuneus,Cortices, Occipital,Cuneate Lobules,Cuneus Cortices,Fissure, Calcarine,Fissures, Calcarine,Gyrus Linguali,Gyrus, Annectant,Gyrus, Cuneus,Gyrus, Lingual,Gyrus, Medial Occipitotemporal,Gyrus, Occipital,Linguali, Gyrus,Lingualis, Gyrus,Lobe, Occipital,Lobes, Occipital,Lobule, Cuneate,Lobules, Cuneate,Occipital Cortices,Occipital Lobes,Occipital Regions,Occipitotemporal Gyrus, Medial,Region, Occipital,Regions, Occipital,Sulcus, Calcarine,Sulcus, Lunate,Sulcus, Occipital
D002540	Cerebral Cortex	The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulci. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.	Allocortex,Archipallium,Cortex Cerebri,Cortical Plate,Paleocortex,Periallocortex,Allocortices,Archipalliums,Cerebral Cortices,Cortex Cerebrus,Cortex, Cerebral,Cortical Plates,Paleocortices,Periallocortices,Plate, Cortical
D003072	Cognition Disorders	Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	Overinclusion,Disorder, Cognition,Disorders, Cognition
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001284	Atrophy	Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	Atrophies
D014796	Visual Perception	The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience.	Visual Processing,Perception, Visual,Processing, Visual
D015835	Ocular Motility Disorders	Disorders that feature impairment of eye movements as a primary manifestation of disease. These conditions may be divided into infranuclear, nuclear, and supranuclear disorders. Diseases of the eye muscles or oculomotor cranial nerves (III, IV, and VI) are considered infranuclear. Nuclear disorders are caused by disease of the oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens nuclei in the BRAIN STEM. Supranuclear disorders are produced by dysfunction of higher order sensory and motor systems that control eye movements, including neural networks in the CEREBRAL CORTEX; BASAL GANGLIA; CEREBELLUM; and BRAIN STEM. Ocular torticollis refers to a head tilt that is caused by an ocular misalignment. Opsoclonus refers to rapid, conjugate oscillations of the eyes in multiple directions, which may occur as a parainfectious or paraneoplastic condition (e.g., OPSOCLONUS-MYOCLONUS SYNDROME). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p240)	Brown Syndrome,Brown Tendon Sheath Syndrome,Brown's Syndrome,Convergence Insufficiency,Eye Movement Disorders,Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia,Ocular Torticollis,Opsoclonus,Parinaud Syndrome,Skew Deviation,Smooth Pursuit Deficiency,Brown's Tendon Sheath Syndrome,Convergence Excess,Cyclophoria,Deficiency, Smooth Pursuit,Eye Motility Disorders,Parinaud's Syndrome,Paroxysmal Ocular Dyskinesia,Pseudoophthalmoplegia,Spasm of Conjugate Gaze,Syndrome, Brown's Tendon Sheath,Tendon Sheath Syndrome of Brown,Browns Syndrome,Conjugate Gaze Spasm,Conjugate Gaze Spasms,Convergence Excesses,Convergence Insufficiencies,Cyclophorias,Deficiencies, Smooth Pursuit,Deviation, Skew,Deviations, Skew,Dyskinesia, Paroxysmal Ocular,Dyskinesias, Paroxysmal Ocular,Excess, Convergence,Eye Motility Disorder,Eye Movement Disorder,Gaze Spasms, Conjugate,Insufficiencies, Convergence,Insufficiency, Convergence,Internuclear Ophthalmoplegias,Ocular Dyskinesia, Paroxysmal,Ocular Dyskinesias, Paroxysmal,Ocular Motility Disorder,Ophthalmoplegia, Internuclear,Ophthalmoplegias, Internuclear,Parinauds Syndrome,Paroxysmal Ocular Dyskinesias,Pseudoophthalmoplegias,Pursuit Deficiencies, Smooth,Pursuit Deficiency, Smooth,Skew Deviations,Smooth Pursuit Deficiencies,Syndrome, Brown,Syndrome, Brown's,Syndrome, Parinaud,Syndrome, Parinaud's