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Cutaneous cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients. 2010
Hsin-Yun Sun, and
Barbara D Alexander, and
Olivier Lortholary, and
Francoise Dromer, and
Graeme N Forrest, and
G Marshall Lyon, and
Jyoti Somani, and
Krishan L Gupta, and
Ramon Del Busto, and
Timothy L Pruett, and
Costi D Sifri, and
Ajit P Limaye, and
George T John, and
Goran B Klintmalm, and
Kenneth Pursell, and
Valentina Stosor, and
Michele I Morris, and
Lorraine A Dowdy, and
Patricia Muñoz, and
Andre C Kalil, and
Julia Garcia-Diaz, and
Susan L Orloff, and
Andrew A House, and
Sally H Houston, and
Dannah Wray, and
Shirish Huprikar, and
Leonard B Johnson, and
Atul Humar, and
Raymund R Razonable, and
Robert A Fisher, and
Shahid Husain, and
Marilyn M Wagener, and
Nina Singh, and
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA.
Clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes of cutaneous cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are not fully defined. In a prospective cohort comprising 146 SOT recipients with cryptococcosis, we describe the presentation, antifungal therapy, and outcome of cutaneous cryptococcal disease. Cutaneous cryptococcosis was documented in 26/146 (17.8%) of the patients and manifested as nodular/mass (34.8%), maculopapule (30.4%), ulcer/pustule/abscess (30.4%), and cellulitis (30.4%) with 65.2% of the skin lesions occurred in the lower extremities. Localized disease developed in 30.8% (8/26), and disseminated disease in 69.2% (18/26) with involvement of the central nervous system (88.9%, 16/18), lung (33.3%, 6/18), or fungemia (55.6%, 10/18). Fluconazole (37.5%) was employed most often for localized and lipid formulations of amphotericin B (61.1%) for disseminated disease. Overall mortality at 90 days was 15.4% (4/26) with 16.7% in disseminated and 12.5% in localized disease (P = 0.78). SOT recipients who died were more likely to have renal failure (75.0% vs. 13.6%, P = 0.028), longer time to onset of disease after transplantation (87.5 vs. 22.6 months, P = 0.023), and abnormal mental status (75% vs. 13.6%, P = 0.028) than those who survived. Cutaneous cryptococcosis represents disseminated disease in most SOT recipients and preferentially involves the extremities. Outcomes with appropriate management were comparable between SOT recipients with localized and disseminated cryptococcosis.
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