Biomaterial Database

PPARs: diverse regulators in energy metabolism and metabolic diseases. 2010

Yong-Xu Wang

Program in Gene Function and Expression and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. yongxu.wang@umassmed.edu

The nuclear receptor PPARs are fundamentally important for energy homeostasis. Through their distinct yet overlapping functions and tissue distribution, the PPARs regulate many aspects of energy metabolism at the transcriptional level. Functional impairment or dysregulation of these receptors leads to a variety of metabolic diseases, while their ligands offer many metabolic benefits. Studies of these receptors have advanced our knowledge of the transcriptional basis of energy metabolism and helped us understand the pathogenic mechanisms of metabolic syndrome.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007333	Insulin Resistance	Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	Insulin Sensitivity,Resistance, Insulin,Sensitivity, Insulin
D008659	Metabolic Diseases	Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	Thesaurismosis,Diseases, Metabolic,Disease, Metabolic,Metabolic Disease,Thesaurismoses
D008954	Models, Biological	Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.	Biological Model,Biological Models,Model, Biological,Models, Biologic,Biologic Model,Biologic Models,Model, Biologic
D004734	Energy Metabolism	The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.	Bioenergetics,Energy Expenditure,Bioenergetic,Energy Expenditures,Energy Metabolisms,Expenditure, Energy,Expenditures, Energy,Metabolism, Energy,Metabolisms, Energy
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D045162	Thiazolidinediones	THIAZOLES with two keto oxygens. Members are insulin-sensitizing agents which overcome INSULIN RESISTANCE by activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma).	Glitazones
D047492	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors	TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that are activated by ligands and heterodimerize with RETINOID X RECEPTORS and bind to peroxisome proliferator response elements in the promoter regions of target genes.	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor,NUC1 PPAR,PPAR,PPAR, NUC1,Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor,Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors,Proliferator-Activated Receptor, Peroxisome,Proliferator-Activated Receptors, Peroxisome,Receptor, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated,Receptors, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated
D050156	Adipogenesis	The differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature ADIPOCYTES.	Adipogeneses