Biomaterial Database

Ergogenic effects of inhaled beta2-agonists in non-asthmatic athletes. 2010

Bernd Wolfarth, and Jan C Wuestenfeld, and Wilfried Kindermann

Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany. wolfarth@sport.med.tum.de

The potential ergogenic effects of asthma medication in athletes have been controversially discussed for decades. The prevalence of asthma is higher in elite athletes than in the general population. The highest risk for developing asthmatic symptoms is found in endurance athletes and swimmers. In addition, asthma seems to be more common in winter-sport athletes. Asthmatic athletes commonly use inhaled beta2-agonists to prevent and treat asthmatic symptoms. However, beta2-agonists are prohibited according to the "Prohibited List of the World Anti-Doping Agency" (WADA). Until the end of 2009 an exception was only allowed for the substances formoterol, salbutamol, salmeterol, and terbutaline by inhalation, as long as a so-called therapeutic use exemption has been applied for and was granted by the relevant anti-doping authorities. From 2010 salbutamol and salmeterol are allowed by inhalation requiring a so called declaration of use.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007390	International Agencies	International organizations which provide health-related or other cooperative services.	Agencies, International,Agency, International,International Agency
D010807	Physical Endurance	The time span between the beginning of physical activity by an individual and the termination because of exhaustion.	Endurance, Physical,Physical Stamina,Stamina, Physical
D001993	Bronchodilator Agents	Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.	Bronchial-Dilating Agents,Bronchodilator,Bronchodilator Agent,Broncholytic Agent,Bronchodilator Effect,Bronchodilator Effects,Bronchodilators,Broncholytic Agents,Broncholytic Effect,Broncholytic Effects,Agent, Bronchodilator,Agent, Broncholytic,Agents, Bronchial-Dilating,Agents, Bronchodilator,Agents, Broncholytic,Bronchial Dilating Agents,Effect, Bronchodilator,Effect, Broncholytic,Effects, Bronchodilator,Effects, Broncholytic
D004300	Doping in Sports	Illegitimate use of substances for a desired effect in competitive sports. It includes humans and animals.	Blood Doping,Sports Blood Doping,Blood Doping, Sports,Blood Dopings,Blood Dopings, Sports,Doping in Sport,Doping, Blood,Dopings, Blood,Dopings, Sports Blood,Sport, Doping in,Sports Blood Dopings,Sports, Doping in,in Sport, Doping,in Sports, Doping
D004361	Drug Tolerance	Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.	Drug Tolerances,Tolerance, Drug,Tolerances, Drug
D005938	Glucocorticoids	A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.	Glucocorticoid,Glucocorticoid Effect,Glucorticoid Effects,Effect, Glucocorticoid,Effects, Glucorticoid
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000280	Administration, Inhalation	The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.	Drug Administration, Inhalation,Drug Administration, Respiratory,Drug Aerosol Therapy,Inhalation Drug Administration,Inhalation of Drugs,Respiratory Drug Administration,Aerosol Drug Therapy,Aerosol Therapy, Drug,Drug Therapy, Aerosol,Inhalation Administration,Administration, Inhalation Drug,Administration, Respiratory Drug,Therapy, Aerosol Drug,Therapy, Drug Aerosol
D000318	Adrenergic beta-Agonists	Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.	Adrenergic beta-Receptor Agonists,beta-Adrenergic Agonists,beta-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists,Adrenergic beta-Agonist,Adrenergic beta-Receptor Agonist,Betamimetics,Receptor Agonists, beta-Adrenergic,Receptors Agonists, Adrenergic beta,beta-Adrenergic Agonist,beta-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist,Adrenergic beta Agonist,Adrenergic beta Agonists,Adrenergic beta Receptor Agonist,Adrenergic beta Receptor Agonists,Agonist, Adrenergic beta-Receptor,Agonist, beta-Adrenergic,Agonist, beta-Adrenergic Receptor,Agonists, Adrenergic beta-Receptor,Agonists, beta-Adrenergic,Agonists, beta-Adrenergic Receptor,Receptor Agonist, beta-Adrenergic,Receptor Agonists, beta Adrenergic,beta Adrenergic Agonist,beta Adrenergic Agonists,beta Adrenergic Receptor Agonist,beta Adrenergic Receptor Agonists,beta-Agonist, Adrenergic,beta-Agonists, Adrenergic,beta-Receptor Agonist, Adrenergic,beta-Receptor Agonists, Adrenergic
D000693	Anaerobiosis	The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	Anaerobic Metabolism,Anaerobic Metabolisms,Anaerobioses,Metabolism, Anaerobic,Metabolisms, Anaerobic