Biomaterial Database

Epidural anesthesia, episiotomy, and obstetric laceration. 1991

M P Walker, and D Farine, and S H Rolbin, and J W Ritchie

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The relationships among epidural anesthesia, forceps use, parity, episiotomy, and laceration were studied in 9493 uncomplicated vertex deliveries of spontaneous onset and normal course. The use of epidural anesthesia was not associated with an increased incidence or severity of birth-canal trauma. Episiotomy was associated with a decreased rate of perineal laceration, but an overall increase in the rate of perineal trauma. The trauma that did occur with episiotomies was four times more likely to be major than that when no episiotomy was performed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009772	Obstetrical Forceps	Surgical instrument designed to extract the newborn by the head from the maternal passages without injury to it or the mother.	Obstetric Forceps,Forcep, Obstetric,Forcep, Obstetrical,Forceps, Obstetric,Forceps, Obstetrical,Obstetric Forcep,Obstetrical Forcep
D010298	Parity	The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.	Multiparity,Nulliparity,Primiparity,Parity Progression Ratio,Parity Progression Ratios,Ratio, Parity Progression,Ratios, Parity Progression
D010502	Perineum	The body region lying between the genital area and the ANUS on the surface of the trunk, and to the shallow compartment lying deep to this area that is inferior to the PELVIC DIAPHRAGM. The surface area is between the VULVA and the anus in the female, and between the SCROTUM and the anus in the male.	Perineums
D011247	Pregnancy	The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	Gestation,Pregnancies
D004841	Episiotomy	An incision of the posterior vaginal wall and a portion of the pudenda which enlarges the vaginal introitus to facilitate delivery and prevent lacerations.	Episiotomies
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000767	Anesthesia, Epidural	Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space.	Anesthesia, Extradural,Anesthesia, Peridural,Epidural Anesthesia,Anesthesias, Epidural,Anesthesias, Extradural,Anesthesias, Peridural,Epidural Anesthesias,Extradural Anesthesia,Extradural Anesthesias,Peridural Anesthesia,Peridural Anesthesias
D012189	Retrospective Studies	Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.	Retrospective Study,Studies, Retrospective,Study, Retrospective
D014947	Wounds and Injuries	Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	Injuries,Physical Trauma,Trauma,Injuries and Wounds,Injuries, Wounds,Research-Related Injuries,Wounds,Wounds and Injury,Wounds, Injury,Injury,Injury and Wounds,Injury, Research-Related,Physical Traumas,Research Related Injuries,Research-Related Injury,Trauma, Physical,Traumas,Wound