| D004330 |
Drosophila |
A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology. |
Fruit Fly, Drosophila,Drosophila Fruit Flies,Drosophila Fruit Fly,Drosophilas,Flies, Drosophila Fruit,Fly, Drosophila Fruit,Fruit Flies, Drosophila |
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| D000818 |
Animals |
Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. |
Animal,Metazoa,Animalia |
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| D013379 |
Substrate Specificity |
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts. |
Specificities, Substrate,Specificity, Substrate,Substrate Specificities |
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| D015398 |
Signal Transduction |
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. |
Cell Signaling,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Pathways,Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Transduction Pathways,Signal Transduction Systems,Pathway, Signal,Pathway, Signal Transduction,Pathways, Signal,Pathways, Signal Transduction,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions,Signal Pathway,Signal Transduction Pathway,Signal Transduction System,Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated,Signal Transductions,Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated,System, Signal Transduction,Systems, Signal Transduction,Transduction, Signal,Transductions, Signal |
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| D015971 |
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic |
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis. |
Enzymologic Gene Expression Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression, Enzymologic,Regulation, Gene Expression, Enzymologic |
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| D048049 |
Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases |
A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that is widely expressed and plays a role in regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and post mitotic functions in differentiated cells. The extracellular signal regulated MAP kinases are regulated by a broad variety of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and can be activated by certain CARCINOGENS. |
ERK MAP Kinase,ERK MAP Kinases,Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase,Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases,Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinase,MAP Kinases, Extracellular Signal-Regulated,Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase,Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinases,Extracellular Signal Regulated MAP Kinase,Extracellular Signal Regulated MAP Kinases,Kinase, ERK MAP,Kinase, Extracellular Signal-Regulated,Kinases, Extracellular Signal-Regulated,MAP Kinase, ERK,MAP Kinases, Extracellular Signal Regulated,Signal-Regulated Kinase, Extracellular |
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| D018507 |
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental |
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism. |
Developmental Gene Expression Regulation,Embryologic Gene Expression Regulation,Gene Expression Regulation, Embryologic,Regulation of Gene Expression, Developmental,Regulation of Gene Expression, Embryologic,Regulation, Gene Expression, Developmental,Regulation, Gene Expression, Embryologic |
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| D019521 |
Body Patterning |
The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc. |
Axial Patterning (Embryology),Embryonic Pattern Formation,Polarity of Development,Body Pattern Formation,Body Pattern Specification,Embryonic Pattern Specification,Development Polarity,Embryonic Pattern Formations,Formation, Embryonic Pattern,Pattern Formation, Body,Pattern Formation, Embryonic,Pattern Specification, Body,Pattern Specification, Embryonic,Patterning, Axial (Embryology),Patterning, Body,Specification, Body Pattern,Specification, Embryonic Pattern |
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| D020928 |
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases |
A superfamily of PROTEIN SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES). |
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase,Kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein,Kinases, Mitogen-Activated Protein,Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases,Protein Kinase, Mitogen-Activated,Protein Kinases, Mitogen-Activated |
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