Biomaterial Database

Strategies that overcome barriers to token economies in community programs for severe mentally ill adults. 1991

P W Corrigan

Camarillo UCLA Clinical Research Center for Schizophrenia and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 93011-6022.

The token economy has been found to be an effective strategy for treatment of severe mentally ill inpatients. However, several barriers have prevented facile transfer of token economy strategies from inpatient settings to community programs; these barriers include outpatient access to competing reinforcers, supplemental income that help outpatients to purchase these reinforcers, weakening of the efficacy of response costs, limited hours of the day in which day treatment contingencies apply, and interference of contingency contracts by family or friends. These barriers can be obviated by avoiding response cost contingencies, providing reinforcers cheaply, and including other systems in the development and implementation of token contingencies.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007297	Inpatients	Persons admitted to health facilities which provide board and room, for the purpose of observation, care, diagnosis or treatment.	Inpatient
D003156	Community Mental Health Services	Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive mental health services provided for individuals in the community.	Community Mental Health Service,Mental Health Services, Community,Assertive Community Treatment,Health Services, Community Mental,Services, Community Mental Health,Services, Mental Health Community,Community Treatment, Assertive,Treatment, Assertive Community
D005190	Family	A social group consisting of parents or parent substitutes and children.	Family Life Cycles,Family Members,Family Life Cycle,Family Research,Filiation,Kinship Networks,Relatives,Families,Family Member,Kinship Network,Life Cycle, Family,Life Cycles, Family,Network, Kinship,Networks, Kinship,Research, Family
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000223	Adaptation, Psychological	A state of harmony between internal needs and external demands and the processes used in achieving this condition. (From APA Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed).	Behavior, Adaptive,Healthy Adaptation,Positive Adaptation,Psychological Recovery,Adaptation, Psychologic,Adjustment,Psychological Adaptation,Adaptation, Healthy,Adaptation, Positive,Adaptive Behavior,Adaptive Behaviors,Healthy Adaptations,Positive Adaptations,Psychologic Adaptation,Psychological Recoveries,Recovery, Psychological
D000328	Adult	A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available.	Adults
D001523	Mental Disorders	Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	Mental Illness,Psychiatric Diseases,Psychiatric Disorders,Psychiatric Illness,Behavior Disorders,Diagnosis, Psychiatric,Mental Disorders, Severe,Psychiatric Diagnosis,Illness, Mental,Mental Disorder,Mental Disorder, Severe,Mental Illnesses,Psychiatric Disease,Psychiatric Disorder,Psychiatric Illnesses,Severe Mental Disorder,Severe Mental Disorders
D014040	Token Economy	A practice whereby tokens representing money, toys, candy, etc., are given as secondary reinforcers contingent upon certain desired behaviors or performances.	Token Reinforcement,Economy, Token,Economies, Token,Reinforcement, Token,Reinforcements, Token,Token Economies,Token Reinforcements