OBJECTIVE To preliminarily evaluate the method of using titanium condylar protheses in management of traumatic temporomandibular joint ankylosis. METHODS Between August 2006 and April 2008, titanium condylar replacement was performed in 5 male patients. Preoperative CT datum of patient was obtained and a resin model was then produced and used as a reference to select a suitable titanium condyle for reconstruction of the joint. In the operation, the bony ankylosis was removed. According to the preoperation planning, the selected prosthesis was inserted and fixed to the distal mandibular segment. The results were assessed by means of examinations and measurements postoperatively and during follow-up. RESULTS The 5 patients received alloplastic replacement of 6 condyles. Three patients were under follow-up and follow-up time ranged from 8 months to 2 years and 6 months. The mean mouth opening was 30 mm. Two patients had good occlusion and one patient developed a slight open bite. CONCLUSIONS Prosthetic condylar replacement can provide a choice for management of traumatic temporomandibular joint ankylosis.