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From 1961 to 1974, 245 patients with unilateral "operable" breast cancer (25% T1, 56% T2, 19% T3) were treated with breast conservation and irradiation at the Gustave Roussy Institute (1961-1969) or at the Henri Mondor Hospital (1970-1974). The minimum follow-up is 15 years. Most patients with T greater than 3 cm underwent radiation therapy with the tumor in place, while the greater part of patients with T less than 3 cm received radiation therapy after tumorectomy. The breast and draining lymph node areas received widefield telecobalt irradiation to 45 Gy. The dose to the tumor site was boosted using iridium-192 implantation. Additional irradiation was given to the internal mammary and lower axillary nodes using an electron beam. The 15 years NED survival rate was 63%, 51% and 26% for T1, T2 and T3 tumors, respectively. The NED survival for T less than or equal to 1 cm was 86%. The local recurrence rate was 8, 12 and 19% for T1, T2 and T3 tumors, respectively. Of the patients with local recurrence, 85% underwent surgical salvage. Complications were rare. Cosmetic results were satisfactory in most patients including the T3 group. The proportion of breasts conserved among patients living NED at 15 years, was 97, 88 and 93% for T1, T2 and T3 tumors, respectively. In 1980, after almost 20 years experience using breast conserving techniques, we modified our treatment policies in close collaboration with our surgical team, hel cbye extending the indications for tumorectomy and associating routine surgical exploration of the lower axilla.
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