Biomaterial Database

The mechanism of the negative chronotropic and dromotropic actions of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in the heart: an update. 2010

Amir Pelleg, and Bernard Belhassen

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102-1192, USA. apelleg@drexelmed.edu

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) plays a critical role in intracellular metabolism and energetics. Extracellular ATP is rapidly degraded to adenosine by ectoenzymes. Both ATP and adenosine suppress cardiac pacemakers' automaticity and atrioventricular nodal conduction, albeit via the different mechanism of actions. This historical update summarizes the current knowledge regarding the negative chronotropic and dromotropic actions of ATP and discusses the clinical implications regarding the utility of ATP as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent in the management of neutrally mediated syncope and paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D006329	Heart Conduction System	An impulse-conducting system composed of modified cardiac muscle, having the power of spontaneous rhythmicity and conduction more highly developed than the rest of the heart.	Conduction System, Heart,Conduction Systems, Heart,Heart Conduction Systems,System, Heart Conduction,Systems, Heart Conduction
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000241	Adenosine	A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.	Adenocard,Adenoscan
D000255	Adenosine Triphosphate	An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.	ATP,Adenosine Triphosphate, Calcium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Chromium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Manganese Salt,Adenylpyrophosphate,CaATP,CrATP,Manganese Adenosine Triphosphate,MgATP,MnATP,ATP-MgCl2,Adenosine Triphosphate, Chromium Ammonium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Chloride,Atriphos,Chromium Adenosine Triphosphate,Cr(H2O)4 ATP,Magnesium Adenosine Triphosphate,Striadyne,ATP MgCl2
D013575	Syncope	A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)	Drop Attack,Fainting,Presyncope,Syncope, Postural,Syncopal Episode,Syncopal Vertigo,Syncope, Cardiogenic,Syncope, Carotid Sinus,Syncope, Convulsive,Syncope, Deglutitional,Syncope, Effort,Syncope, Hyperventilation,Syncope, Micturition,Syncope, Situational,Syncope, Stokes-Adams,Syncope, Tussive,Attack, Drop,Cardiogenic Syncope,Cardiogenic Syncopes,Carotid Sinus Syncope,Carotid Sinus Syncopes,Convulsive Syncope,Convulsive Syncopes,Deglutitional Syncope,Deglutitional Syncopes,Drop Attacks,Effort Syncope,Effort Syncopes,Episode, Syncopal,Hyperventilation Syncope,Hyperventilation Syncopes,Micturition Syncope,Micturition Syncopes,Postural Syncope,Postural Syncopes,Presyncopes,Situational Syncope,Situational Syncopes,Stokes-Adams Syncope,Stokes-Adams Syncopes,Syncopal Episodes,Syncope, Stokes Adams,Syncopes,Syncopes, Cardiogenic,Syncopes, Carotid Sinus,Syncopes, Convulsive,Syncopes, Deglutitional,Syncopes, Effort,Syncopes, Hyperventilation,Syncopes, Micturition,Syncopes, Postural,Syncopes, Situational,Syncopes, Stokes-Adams,Syncopes, Tussive,Tussive Syncope,Tussive Syncopes,Vertigo, Syncopal,Vertigos, Syncopal
D013614	Tachycardia, Paroxysmal	Abnormally rapid heartbeats with sudden onset and cessation.	Paroxysmal Reciprocal Tachycardia,Paroxysmal Reciprocal Tachycardias,Paroxysmal Tachycardia,Paroxysmal Tachycardias,Reciprocal Tachycardia, Paroxysmal,Reciprocal Tachycardias, Paroxysmal,Tachycardia, Paroxysmal Reciprocal,Tachycardias, Paroxysmal,Tachycardias, Paroxysmal Reciprocal
D013617	Tachycardia, Supraventricular	A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.	Supraventricular Tachycardia,Supraventricular Tachycardias,Tachycardias, Supraventricular
D022062	Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac	Methods to induce and measure electrical activities at specific sites in the heart to diagnose and treat problems with the heart's electrical system.	Cardiac Electrophysiologic Techniques,Electrophysiologic Study, Cardiac,Atrial Electrogram,Bundle of His Electrogram,Cardiac Electrophysiologic Technics,Cardiac Electrophysiological Techniques,Electrophysiologic Techniques, Intracardiac,Electrophysiological Techniques, Cardiac,Electrophysiological Techniques, Intracardiac,His Bundle Electrogram,Intra-Atrial Electrogram,Intracardiac Electrogram,Intracardiac Electrophysiologic Techniques,Intracardiac Electrophysiological Technics,Intracardiac Electrophysiological Techniques,Programmed Electrostimulation, Cardiac,Transesophageal Electrophysiologic Study,Transesophageal Electrophysiological Study,Atrial Electrograms,Bundle Electrogram, His,Bundle Electrograms, His,Cardiac Electrophysiologic Studies,Cardiac Electrophysiologic Study,Cardiac Electrophysiologic Technic,Cardiac Electrophysiologic Technique,Cardiac Electrophysiological Technique,Cardiac Programmed Electrostimulation,Cardiac Programmed Electrostimulations,Electrogram Bundle, His,Electrogram Bundles, His,Electrogram, Atrial,Electrogram, His Bundle,Electrogram, Intra-Atrial,Electrogram, Intracardiac,Electrograms, Atrial,Electrograms, His Bundle,Electrograms, Intra-Atrial,Electrograms, Intracardiac,Electrophysiologic Studies, Cardiac,Electrophysiologic Studies, Transesophageal,Electrophysiologic Study, Transesophageal,Electrophysiologic Technic, Cardiac,Electrophysiologic Technics, Cardiac,Electrophysiologic Technique, Cardiac,Electrophysiologic Technique, Intracardiac,Electrophysiological Studies, Transesophageal,Electrophysiological Study, Transesophageal,Electrophysiological Technic, Intracardiac,Electrophysiological Technics, Intracardiac,Electrophysiological Technique, Cardiac,Electrophysiological Technique, Intracardiac,Electrostimulation, Cardiac Programmed,Electrostimulations, Cardiac Programmed,His Bundle Electrograms,His Electrogram Bundle,His Electrogram Bundles,Intra Atrial Electrogram,Intra-Atrial Electrograms,Intracardiac Electrograms,Intracardiac Electrophysiologic Technique,Intracardiac Electrophysiological Technic,Intracardiac Electrophysiological Technique,Programmed Electrostimulations, Cardiac,Studies, Cardiac Electrophysiologic,Studies, Transesophageal Electrophysiologic,Studies, Transesophageal Electrophysiological,Study, Cardiac Electrophysiologic,Study, Transesophageal Electrophysiologic,Study, Transesophageal Electrophysiological,Technic, Cardiac Electrophysiologic,Technic, Intracardiac Electrophysiological,Technics, Cardiac Electrophysiologic,Technics, Intracardiac Electrophysiological,Technique, Cardiac Electrophysiologic,Technique, Cardiac Electrophysiological,Technique, Intracardiac Electrophysiologic,Technique, Intracardiac Electrophysiological,Techniques, Cardiac Electrophysiologic,Techniques, Cardiac Electrophysiological,Techniques, Intracardiac Electrophysiologic,Techniques, Intracardiac Electrophysiological,Transesophageal Electrophysiologic Studies,Transesophageal Electrophysiological Studies