Biomaterial Database

Non-linearity of flexion-extension characteristics in spinal segments. 2009

Hans Nägerl, and Thelonius Hawellek, and Andrea Lehmann, and Jan Hubert, and Julia Saptschak, and Jochen Dörner, and Björn Werner Raab, and Jochen Fanghänel, and Dietmar Kubein-Meesenburg, and Martin Michael Wachowski

Department of Orthodontics, University of Göttingen, Germany.

Spinal biomechanics is still known just fragmentary since the only description by angle-torque characteristics without simultaneous recording of migration of the instantaneous helical axis (IHA) is not sufficient. Time-dependent flexion/extension following a cyclic laterally directed torque was measured at all six degrees of freedom by a highly precise custom-made 6D apparatus. In order to enhance the localizing resolution of IHA migration as the function of the flexional/extensional angle, small ranges of motion (ROM) were used at several degrees of pre-extension. 4 L3/L4, 3 L4/L5 and 2 T2/T3 human segments were investigated. In extensional motion, wide dorsal IHA-migrations were measured in lumbar segments and correlated with the distinct asymmetric shapes of the characteristics in extensional motion. The respective increase of differential stiffness could mainly be traced back to the enlarging geometrical moment of inertia of the segments by the dorsally migrating IHA. Both thoracic segments showed a predominant IHA-migration in cranial/caudal direction. A simple model makes it evident that the opposite curvature morphology of lumbar and thoracic joint facets conditions the different directions of IHA migration.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008159	Lumbar Vertebrae	VERTEBRAE in the region of the lower BACK below the THORACIC VERTEBRAE and above the SACRAL VERTEBRAE.	Vertebrae, Lumbar
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D008954	Models, Biological	Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.	Biological Model,Biological Models,Model, Biological,Models, Biologic,Biologic Model,Biologic Models,Model, Biologic
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328	Adult	A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available.	Adults
D000368	Aged	A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available.	Elderly
D001696	Biomechanical Phenomena	The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.	Biomechanics,Kinematics,Biomechanic Phenomena,Mechanobiological Phenomena,Biomechanic,Biomechanic Phenomenas,Phenomena, Biomechanic,Phenomena, Biomechanical,Phenomena, Mechanobiological,Phenomenas, Biomechanic
D012399	Rotation	Motion of an object in which either one or more points on a line are fixed. It is also the motion of a particle about a fixed point. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	Clinorotation,Clinorotations,Rotations
D013131	Spine	The spinal or vertebral column.	Spinal Column,Vertebrae,Vertebral Column,Vertebra,Column, Spinal,Column, Vertebral,Columns, Spinal,Columns, Vertebral,Spinal Columns,Vertebral Columns
D013904	Thoracic Vertebrae	A group of twelve VERTEBRAE connected to the ribs that support the upper trunk region.	Vertebrae, Thoracic