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Complement-fixation test for reticuloendotheliosis viruses: limits of sensitivity in infected avian cells. 1977

E J Smith, and J J Solomon, and R L Witter

A specific micro-complement-fixation procedure for assay of avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses (REV), designated by use as the COFAR test, was compared with an assay based on immunofluorescent (IF) antibody staining of infected chick embryo fibroblasts. Endpoint titrations in which REV strain T, chick syncytial virus, and spleen necrosis virus were used indicated that cultures infected with limiting dilutions of each strain were positive by both procedures within 6 days. Depending on cell density, infection of 2 to 9% of the cells cultured produced an unambiguous positive response (titer greater than or equal to 1:2) with COFAR test. When both tests were used in a study on the transmission and in vivo status of ducks infected with spleen necrosis virus, COFAR was no less, possibly more, sensitive than IF for detecting infection in cultures inoculated with plasma.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011201 Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. Disease, Poultry,Diseases, Poultry,Poultry Disease
D002478 Cells, Cultured Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others. Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D003168 Complement Fixation Tests Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1. Complement Absorption Test, Conglutinating,Conglutination Reaction,Conglutinating Complement Absorption Test,Complement Fixation Test,Conglutination Reactions,Fixation Test, Complement,Fixation Tests, Complement,Reaction, Conglutination,Reactions, Conglutination,Test, Complement Fixation,Tests, Complement Fixation
D004372 Ducks A water bird in the order Anseriformes (subfamily Anatinae (true ducks)) with a broad blunt bill, short legs, webbed feet, and a waddling gait. Duck
D005455 Fluorescent Antibody Technique Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy. Antinuclear Antibody Test, Fluorescent,Coon's Technique,Fluorescent Antinuclear Antibody Test,Fluorescent Protein Tracing,Immunofluorescence Technique,Coon's Technic,Fluorescent Antibody Technic,Immunofluorescence,Immunofluorescence Technic,Antibody Technic, Fluorescent,Antibody Technics, Fluorescent,Antibody Technique, Fluorescent,Antibody Techniques, Fluorescent,Coon Technic,Coon Technique,Coons Technic,Coons Technique,Fluorescent Antibody Technics,Fluorescent Antibody Techniques,Fluorescent Protein Tracings,Immunofluorescence Technics,Immunofluorescence Techniques,Protein Tracing, Fluorescent,Protein Tracings, Fluorescent,Technic, Coon's,Technic, Fluorescent Antibody,Technic, Immunofluorescence,Technics, Fluorescent Antibody,Technics, Immunofluorescence,Technique, Coon's,Technique, Fluorescent Antibody,Technique, Immunofluorescence,Techniques, Fluorescent Antibody,Techniques, Immunofluorescence,Tracing, Fluorescent Protein,Tracings, Fluorescent Protein
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001356 Reticuloendotheliosis virus A species in the group RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUSES, AVIAN of the genus GAMMARETROVIRUS that causes a chronic neoplastic and a more acute immunosuppressive disease in fowl. T Virus,T Viruses,Virus, T
D012190 Retroviridae Family of RNA viruses that infects birds and mammals and encodes the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The family contains seven genera: DELTARETROVIRUS; LENTIVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE B, MAMMALIAN; ALPHARETROVIRUS; GAMMARETROVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE D; and SPUMAVIRUS. A key feature of retrovirus biology is the synthesis of a DNA copy of the genome which is integrated into cellular DNA. After integration it is sometimes not expressed but maintained in a latent state (PROVIRUSES). Leukemogenic Viruses,Leukoviruses,Oncornaviruses,Oncovirinae,Oncoviruses,Oncoviruses, Type C,RNA Tumor Viruses,Retroviruses,Type C Oncoviruses,C Oncovirus, Type,C Oncoviruses, Type,Leukemogenic Virus,Leukovirus,Oncornavirus,Oncovirus,Oncovirus, Type C,RNA Tumor Virus,Retrovirus,Tumor Virus, RNA,Tumor Viruses, RNA,Type C Oncovirus,Virus, Leukemogenic,Virus, RNA Tumor,Viruses, Leukemogenic,Viruses, RNA Tumor
D055761 Reticuloendotheliosis, Avian A group of pathologic syndromes found in avian species caused by RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS. The distinct syndromes include non-neoplastic runting, acute neoplastic disease, and chronic neoplastic disease. Humans and mammals appear resistant. Avian Reticuloendotheliosis,Avian Reticuloendothelioses,Reticuloendothelioses, Avian

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