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A case-referent study was conducted on whether occupational exposure of men to inorganic lead is related to spontaneous abortion in their wives. The men were biologically monitored for lead exposure. The cases (213 spontaneous abortions) and referents (300 births) were identified from medical registers. Lead exposure was assessed with blood lead (PbB) measurements and data obtained from a questionnaire. The results did not show a statistically significant relationship between spontaneous abortion and paternal lead exposure among all the study subjects. A significant increase was observed in the risk of those women whose husbands had been monitored (PbB greater than or equal to 1.5 mumol/l) during or close to the time of spermatogenesis. The association between lead exposure and spontaneous abortion was modified also by the age of the wife and paternal alcohol use. The findings suggest that there may be an association between paternal lead exposure and the risk of spontaneous abortion.
M L Lindbohm, and
M Sallmén, and
A Anttila, and
H Taskinen, and
K Hemminki
July 1994,
Occupational and environmental medicine,
M L Lindbohm, and
M Sallmén, and
A Anttila, and
H Taskinen, and
K Hemminki
March 1994,
American journal of industrial medicine,
M L Lindbohm, and
M Sallmén, and
A Anttila, and
H Taskinen, and
K Hemminki
November 2001,
Environmental health perspectives,
M L Lindbohm, and
M Sallmén, and
A Anttila, and
H Taskinen, and
K Hemminki
October 1996,
International journal of occupational and environmental health,
M L Lindbohm, and
M Sallmén, and
A Anttila, and
H Taskinen, and
K Hemminki
April 1995,
American journal of industrial medicine,
M L Lindbohm, and
M Sallmén, and
A Anttila, and
H Taskinen, and
K Hemminki
August 1995,
Journal of occupational and environmental medicine,
M L Lindbohm, and
M Sallmén, and
A Anttila, and
H Taskinen, and
K Hemminki
August 1991,
American journal of public health,
M L Lindbohm, and
M Sallmén, and
A Anttila, and
H Taskinen, and
K Hemminki
August 2006,
Obstetrics and gynecology,
M L Lindbohm, and
M Sallmén, and
A Anttila, and
H Taskinen, and
K Hemminki
April 1995,
American journal of industrial medicine,
M L Lindbohm, and
M Sallmén, and
A Anttila, and
H Taskinen, and
K Hemminki
January 2009,
Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974),
