Mitral valve prolapse is found in 2-5% of the whole population and is thus the most common valvular anomaly. The vast majority of patients are asymptomatic and remain free of complications during the follow-up. The most important complications are severe mitral regurgitation, bacterial endocarditis, cerebral ischemic stroke and arrhythmias. The risk of these complications is increased in patients with a holosystolic murmur, enlarged left atrium and/or ventricle, and redundant, thickened mitral leaflets. The complication rate increases with age and is generally higher in males. The risk of complications is very low in patients with an isolated systolic click or silent prolapse. Prophylactic treatment for endocarditis is recommended for patients with a systolic murmur. For patients surviving ischemic stroke, aspirin is recommended. Where the left atrium is enlarged and rhythm disturbances are present, anticoagulation treatment is preferable. Rhythm disturbances should be treated only when symptomatic. In cases of severe mitral regurgitation surgery should be considered early, since reconstruction of the valve can be achieved in the majority of patients.