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DNA slit-scan flow cytometry of bladder irrigation specimens and the importance of recognizing urothelial cells. 1991

L L Wheeless, and J E Reeder, and M J O'Connell, and R D Robinson, and J M Cosgriff, and Y Fradet, and I N Frank, and A T Cockett
University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York 14642.

DNA slit-scan flow cytometry was used to analyze 150 bladder irrigation specimens from 83 patients. Specimens were categorized into groups based on cystoscopy, histology, and cytopathology. Cells were stained for DNA with propidium iodide using a whole cell protocol. Non-specific fluorescence in the cytoplasm of some urothelial cells together with differential DNA staining of cell types in certain specimens was noted. DNA frequency distributions were analyzed using a semi-automated technique. Data were gated using slit-scan morphological features to remove cellular debris, multiple nuclei, and cells exhibiting nonspecific cytoplasmic fluorescence. Specimens were classified abnormal if they were aneuploid or had a hyperdiploid fraction (HDF) greater than 8%. The sensitivity to abnormality was 89% for grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), 70% for grade 2 TCC, and 67% for grade 1 TCC. Specificity was 61%. Specimen data were then reprocessed using slit-scan morphological features to enrich for urothelial cells. The urothelial cells were identified by the ratio of nuclear diameter to cell diameter. This method was found to be in good agreement with immunofluorescent labeling of urothelial cells using the urothelium-selective T16 monoclonal antibody. The sensitivity to abnormality remained 89% for grade 3 TCC and 70% for grade 2 TCC, but fell to 52% for grade 1 TCC. Specificity for the urothelial cell enriched data increased to 77%. Reprocessing of data to enrich for urothelial elements resulted in 16 fewer specimens with an aneuploid DNA distribution and 2 fewer specimens with increased HDF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007507 Therapeutic Irrigation The washing of a body cavity or surface by flowing water or solution for therapy or diagnosis. Douching,Lavage,Douchings,Irrigation, Therapeutic,Irrigations, Therapeutic,Lavages,Therapeutic Irrigations
D001743 Urinary Bladder A musculomembranous sac along the URINARY TRACT. URINE flows from the KIDNEYS into the bladder via the ureters (URETER), and is held there until URINATION. Bladder,Bladder Detrusor Muscle,Detrusor Urinae,Bladder Detrusor Muscles,Bladder, Urinary,Detrusor Muscle, Bladder,Detrusor Muscles, Bladder
D001749 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER. Bladder Cancer,Bladder Neoplasms,Cancer of Bladder,Bladder Tumors,Cancer of the Bladder,Malignant Tumor of Urinary Bladder,Neoplasms, Bladder,Urinary Bladder Cancer,Bladder Cancers,Bladder Neoplasm,Bladder Tumor,Cancer, Bladder,Cancer, Urinary Bladder,Neoplasm, Bladder,Neoplasm, Urinary Bladder,Tumor, Bladder,Tumors, Bladder,Urinary Bladder Neoplasm
D002295 Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS. Carcinomas, Transitional Cell,Cell Carcinoma, Transitional,Cell Carcinomas, Transitional,Transitional Cell Carcinoma,Transitional Cell Carcinomas
D004247 DNA A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine). DNA, Double-Stranded,Deoxyribonucleic Acid,ds-DNA,DNA, Double Stranded,Double-Stranded DNA,ds DNA
D004273 DNA, Neoplasm DNA present in neoplastic tissue. Neoplasm DNA
D004848 Epithelium The layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS which cover the inner and outer surfaces of the cutaneous, mucus, and serous tissues and glands of the body. Mesothelium,Epithelial Tissue,Mesothelial Tissue,Epithelial Tissues,Mesothelial Tissues,Tissue, Epithelial,Tissue, Mesothelial,Tissues, Epithelial,Tissues, Mesothelial
D005434 Flow Cytometry Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake. Cytofluorometry, Flow,Cytometry, Flow,Flow Microfluorimetry,Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting,Microfluorometry, Flow,Cell Sorting, Fluorescence-Activated,Cell Sortings, Fluorescence-Activated,Cytofluorometries, Flow,Cytometries, Flow,Flow Cytofluorometries,Flow Cytofluorometry,Flow Cytometries,Flow Microfluorometries,Flow Microfluorometry,Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting,Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sortings,Microfluorimetry, Flow,Microfluorometries, Flow,Sorting, Fluorescence-Activated Cell,Sortings, Fluorescence-Activated Cell
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000782 Aneuploidy The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1). Aneuploid,Aneuploid Cell,Aneuploid Cells,Aneuploidies,Aneuploids,Cell, Aneuploid,Cells, Aneuploid

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