Determination of GSH, GSSG, and GSNO using HPLC with electrochemical detection. 2010

Li-Peng Yap, and Harsh Sancheti, and Maria D Ybanez, and Jerome Garcia, and Enrique Cadenas, and Derick Han
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

GSNO is an important intermediate in nitric oxide metabolism and mediates many ()NO-mediated signaling pathways through the post-translational modification of redox-sensitive proteins. The detection of GSNO in biological samples has been hampered by a lack of sensitive and simple assays. In this work, we describe the utilization of HPLC with electrochemical detection for the identification and quantification of GSNO in biological samples. GSNO requires a high potential (>700 mV) for its electrochemical detection, similar to that of GSSG. A simple isocratic HPLC system can be used to separate and simultaneously detect GSH, GSSG, and GSNO electrochemically. This HPLC system can be utilized to measure the redox profile of biological samples and applied for the measurement of GSNO reductase activity in cells. Proper sample preparation is essential in GSNO measurements, because artifactual formation of GSNO occurs in acidic conditions due to the reaction between GSH and nitrite. Treatment of samples with ammonium sulfamate or N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) can prevent the artifactual formation of GSNO and accurately detect GSNO in biological samples. Overall, the HPLC with electrochemical detection is a powerful tool to measure redox status in cells and tissues.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002851 Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed. Chromatography, High Performance Liquid,Chromatography, High Speed Liquid,Chromatography, Liquid, High Pressure,HPLC,High Performance Liquid Chromatography,High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,UPLC,Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography,Chromatography, High-Performance Liquid,High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies,Liquid Chromatography, High-Performance
D005978 Glutathione A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides. Reduced Glutathione,gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly,gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-Cysteinylglycine,Glutathione, Reduced,gamma L Glu L Cys Gly,gamma L Glutamyl L Cysteinylglycine
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000445 Aldehyde Oxidoreductases Oxidoreductases that are specific for ALDEHYDES. Aldehyde Oxidoreductase,Oxidoreductase, Aldehyde,Oxidoreductases, Aldehyde
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D055664 Electrochemical Techniques The utilization of an electrical current to measure, analyze, or alter chemicals or chemical reactions in solution, cells, or tissues. Electrochemical Technics,Electrochemical Technic,Electrochemical Technique,Technic, Electrochemical,Technics, Electrochemical,Technique, Electrochemical,Techniques, Electrochemical
D019803 Glutathione Disulfide A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. GSSG,Glutathione Disulfide, Ion(1-),Glutathione, Oxidized,Disulfide, Glutathione,Oxidized Glutathione
D026422 S-Nitrosoglutathione A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS. S-Nitroso-GSH

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