Biomaterial Database

Regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in tissue phospholipids of obese (fa/fa) and lean (Fa/-) Zucker rats. 1. Effect of dietary lipids on cardiac tissue. 1991

K W Wahle, and L Milne, and G McIntosh

Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K.

The present investigation addressed three questions: (i) Does the obese syndrome alter the fatty acid composition of cardiac tissue and membrane phospholipids in obese (fa/fa) rats? (ii) Are changes, if they occur, similar to those reported for tissues of the genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse? (iii) Can cardiac tissue phospholipids and their component fatty acids be modified by dietary lipids and if so does this occur to the same extent in both fa/fa and lean (Fa/-) rats? Proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in cardiac total phospholipids of fa/fa rats differed significantly from those of Fa/- rats and from those reported for ob/ob mice. Increased 18:2n-6 and decreased 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 in fa/fa rats indicated impaired PUFA metabolism, possibly reduced delta 6 and/or delta 5 desaturase activity, compared with Fa/- rats. No differences in hepatic delta 6 and delta 5 desaturase activity between fa/fa and Fa/- were found but enhanced activity of delta 9 desaturase activity in fa/fa as compared to Fa/- was evident. Inclusion of sunflower oil (SO) or triolein (TO) at 5% and 20% by weight in the diet elicited marked changes in the fatty acyl composition of cardiac phospholipids in both fa/fa and Fa/- rats when compared with animals fed the control Oxoid diet alone. Supplementation with triolein was most effective, reducing 18:2n-6 and increasing 20:4n-6 proportions in fa/fa rats so that they resembled those in Fa/- rats fed the control Oxoid diet. The type of fat rather than the amount of its dietary intake appears to be the main determinant of the observed changes in phospholipid composition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008861	Microsomes	Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)	Microsome
D008929	Mitochondria, Heart	The mitochondria of the myocardium.	Heart Mitochondria,Myocardial Mitochondria,Mitochondrion, Heart,Heart Mitochondrion,Mitochondria, Myocardial
D009206	Myocardium	The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.	Muscle, Cardiac,Muscle, Heart,Cardiac Muscle,Myocardia,Cardiac Muscles,Heart Muscle,Heart Muscles,Muscles, Cardiac,Muscles, Heart
D009765	Obesity	A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
D009929	Organ Size	The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.	Organ Volume,Organ Weight,Size, Organ,Weight, Organ
D010713	Phosphatidylcholines	Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	Choline Phosphoglycerides,Choline Glycerophospholipids,Phosphatidyl Choline,Phosphatidyl Cholines,Phosphatidylcholine,Choline, Phosphatidyl,Cholines, Phosphatidyl,Glycerophospholipids, Choline,Phosphoglycerides, Choline
D010714	Phosphatidylethanolamines	Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to an ethanolamine moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and ethanolamine and 2 moles of fatty acids.	Cephalin,Cephalins,Ethanolamine Phosphoglyceride,Ethanolamine Phosphoglycerides,Ethanolamineglycerophospholipids,Phosphoglyceride, Ethanolamine,Phosphoglycerides, Ethanolamine
D010716	Phosphatidylinositols	Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to the hexahydroxy alcohol, myo-inositol. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid, myo-inositol, and 2 moles of fatty acids.	Inositide Phospholipid,Inositol Phosphoglyceride,Inositol Phosphoglycerides,Inositol Phospholipid,Phosphoinositide,Phosphoinositides,PtdIns,Inositide Phospholipids,Inositol Phospholipids,Phosphatidyl Inositol,Phosphatidylinositol,Inositol, Phosphatidyl,Phosphoglyceride, Inositol,Phosphoglycerides, Inositol,Phospholipid, Inositide,Phospholipid, Inositol,Phospholipids, Inositide,Phospholipids, Inositol
D010743	Phospholipids	Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.	Phosphatides,Phospholipid
D010938	Plant Oils	Oils derived from plants or plant products.	Oils, Plant,Oils, Vegetable,Plant Oil,Vegetable Oil,Vegetable Oils,Oil, Plant,Oil, Vegetable