Biphasic and delayed hypersensitivity reactions. 2010

Pamela Hallquist Viale, and Deanna Sanchez Yamamoto
Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology. p.viale@comcast.net

Oncology nurses are well versed in the administration of chemotherapy and management of associated side effects. The side effects range from mild and easily managed to severe and potentially dose limiting, such as hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). Although severe HSRs are not common and can be seen with any agent, some treatments or medications are associated with much higher risks, such as monoclonal antibodies. Anaphylaxis usually is uniphasic in nature; however, 20% of reactions are biphasic, with symptoms resurging after initial resolution of the original reaction. Some reactions can be delayed, occurring after repeated infusions or presenting days to weeks after the original drug administration. For specific patients, a protracted period of anaphylaxis may occur beyond 24 hours. This article describes the proposed pathophysiology for biphasic and delayed HSRs, as well as management strategies for anaphylaxis. Case reports will illustrate patient presentations for biphasic and delayed HSRs. Oncology nurses must be aware of the risk for HSRs and understand the difference in presentation for biphasic and delayed anaphylactic reactions.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006968 Hypersensitivity, Delayed An increased reactivity to specific antigens mediated not by antibodies but by sensitized T CELLS. Hypersensitivity, Tuberculin-Type,Hypersensitivity, Type IV,Tuberculin-Type Hypersensitivity,Type IV Hypersensitivity,Delayed Hypersensitivity,Delayed Hypersensitivities,Hypersensitivity, Tuberculin Type,Tuberculin Type Hypersensitivity,Tuberculin-Type Hypersensitivities,Type IV Hypersensitivities
D009859 Oncology Nursing A nursing specialty concerned with the care provided to cancer patients. It includes aspects of family functioning through education of both patient and family. Nursing, Oncologic,Oncologic Nursing,Cancer Nursing,Oncological Nursing,Nursing, Cancer,Nursing, Oncological,Nursing, Oncology
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000911 Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells. Monoclonal Antibodies,Monoclonal Antibody,Antibody, Monoclonal
D000970 Antineoplastic Agents Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS. Anticancer Agent,Antineoplastic,Antineoplastic Agent,Antineoplastic Drug,Antitumor Agent,Antitumor Drug,Cancer Chemotherapy Agent,Cancer Chemotherapy Drug,Anticancer Agents,Antineoplastic Drugs,Antineoplastics,Antitumor Agents,Antitumor Drugs,Cancer Chemotherapy Agents,Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs,Chemotherapeutic Anticancer Agents,Chemotherapeutic Anticancer Drug,Agent, Anticancer,Agent, Antineoplastic,Agent, Antitumor,Agent, Cancer Chemotherapy,Agents, Anticancer,Agents, Antineoplastic,Agents, Antitumor,Agents, Cancer Chemotherapy,Agents, Chemotherapeutic Anticancer,Chemotherapy Agent, Cancer,Chemotherapy Agents, Cancer,Chemotherapy Drug, Cancer,Chemotherapy Drugs, Cancer,Drug, Antineoplastic,Drug, Antitumor,Drug, Cancer Chemotherapy,Drug, Chemotherapeutic Anticancer,Drugs, Antineoplastic,Drugs, Antitumor,Drugs, Cancer Chemotherapy

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