Biomaterial Database

Epigenetic reprogramming--taking a lesson from the embryo. 2010

Petra Hajkova

MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK. petra.hajkova@csc.mrc.ac.uk

Epigenetic reprogramming involves processes that lead to the erasure of epigenetic information. Such instances are typically connected with the reversal of differentiation and can potentially lead to the re-establishment of the pluripotent (embryonic stem (ES)-like) phenotype. Genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming occurs naturally in vivo in the course of normal mammalian development. Although in vitro reprogramming systems that can restore pluripotency in somatic cell have been designed, they are still very inefficient and the process requires considerably more time than the reprogramming processes that occur in vivo. Careful analysis of the developmental reprogramming events can give us mechanistic clues and enable us to design better in vitro experimental strategies.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D004622	Embryo, Mammalian	The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.	Embryonic Structures, Mammalian,Mammalian Embryo,Mammalian Embryo Structures,Mammalian Embryonic Structures,Embryo Structure, Mammalian,Embryo Structures, Mammalian,Embryonic Structure, Mammalian,Embryos, Mammalian,Mammalian Embryo Structure,Mammalian Embryonic Structure,Mammalian Embryos,Structure, Mammalian Embryo,Structure, Mammalian Embryonic,Structures, Mammalian Embryo,Structures, Mammalian Embryonic
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D044127	Epigenesis, Genetic	A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression.	Epigenetic Processes,Epigenetic Process,Epigenetics Processes,Genetic Epigenesis,Process, Epigenetic,Processes, Epigenetic,Processes, Epigenetics
D047108	Embryonic Development	Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.	Embryo Development,Embryogenesis,Postimplantation Embryo Development,Preimplantation Embryo Development,Embryonic Programming,Post-implantation Embryo Development,Postnidation Embryo Development,Postnidation Embryo Development, Animal,Pre-implantation Embryo Development,Prenidation Embryo Development, Animal,Development, Embryo,Development, Embryonic,Development, Postnidation Embryo,Embryo Development, Post-implantation,Embryo Development, Postimplantation,Embryo Development, Postnidation,Embryo Development, Pre-implantation,Embryo Development, Preimplantation,Embryonic Developments,Embryonic Programmings,Post implantation Embryo Development,Pre implantation Embryo Development
D053652	Nuclear Transfer Techniques	Methods of implanting a CELL NUCLEUS from a donor cell into an enucleated acceptor cell.	Nuclear Transplantation,Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Technique,Nuclear Transfer Technique,Transplantation, Nuclear
D065150	Cellular Reprogramming	A process where fully differentiated or specialized cells revert to pluripotency or a less differentiated cell type.	Cell Reprogramming,Nuclear Reprogramming,Reprogramming, Cell,Reprogramming, Cellular,Reprogramming, Nuclear