Biomaterial Database

An embryonic story: analysis of the gene regulative network controlling Xist expression in mouse embryonic stem cells. 2010

Pablo Navarro, and Philip Avner

Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Murine, CNRS URA2578, Paris, France.

In mice, dosage compensation of X-linked gene expression is achieved through the inactivation of one of the two X-chromosomes in XX female cells. The complex epigenetic process leading to X-inactivation is largely controlled by Xist and Tsix, two non-coding genes of opposing function. Xist RNA triggers X-inactivation by coating the inactive X, while Tsix is critical for the designation of the active X-chromosome through cis-repression of Xist RNA accumulation. Recently, a plethora of trans-acting factors and cis-regulating elements have been suggested to act as key regulators of either Xist, Tsix or both; these include ubiquitous factors such as Yy1 and Ctcf, developmental proteins such as Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2, and X-linked regulators such as Rnf12. In this paper we summarise recent advances in our knowledge of the regulation of Xist and Tsix in embryonic stem (ES) and differentiating ES cells.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D002843	Chromatin	The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.	Chromatins
D004622	Embryo, Mammalian	The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.	Embryonic Structures, Mammalian,Mammalian Embryo,Mammalian Embryo Structures,Mammalian Embryonic Structures,Embryo Structure, Mammalian,Embryo Structures, Mammalian,Embryonic Structure, Mammalian,Embryos, Mammalian,Mammalian Embryo Structure,Mammalian Embryonic Structure,Mammalian Embryos,Structure, Mammalian Embryo,Structure, Mammalian Embryonic,Structures, Mammalian Embryo,Structures, Mammalian Embryonic
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D049951	X Chromosome Inactivation	A dosage compensation process occurring at an early embryonic stage in mammalian development whereby, at random, one X CHROMOSOME of the pair is repressed in the somatic cells of females.	X Inactivation,Lyon Hypothesis,Lyonization,X-Inactivation,Chromosome Inactivation, X,Hypothesis, Lyon,Inactivation, X,Inactivation, X Chromosome,X Inactivations
D051379	Mice	The common name for the genus Mus.	Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus
D053595	Embryonic Stem Cells	Cells derived from the BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS which forms before implantation in the uterine wall. They retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.	Stem Cells, Embryonic,Cell, Embryonic Stem,Cells, Embryonic Stem,Embryonic Stem Cell,Stem Cell, Embryonic
D062085	RNA, Long Noncoding	A class of untranslated RNA molecules that are typically greater than 200 nucleotides in length and do not code for proteins. Members of this class have been found to play roles in transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional processing, CHROMATIN REMODELING, and in the epigenetic control of chromatin.	LincRNA,RNA, Long Untranslated,LINC RNA,LincRNAs,Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNA,Long Non-Coding RNA,Long Non-Protein-Coding RNA,Long Noncoding RNA,Long ncRNA,Long ncRNAs,RNA, Long Non-Translated,lncRNA,Long Intergenic Non Protein Coding RNA,Long Non Coding RNA,Long Non Protein Coding RNA,Long Non-Translated RNA,Long Untranslated RNA,Non-Coding RNA, Long,Non-Protein-Coding RNA, Long,Non-Translated RNA, Long,Noncoding RNA, Long,RNA, Long Non Translated,RNA, Long Non-Coding,RNA, Long Non-Protein-Coding,Untranslated RNA, Long,ncRNA, Long,ncRNAs, Long
D018507	Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental	Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.	Developmental Gene Expression Regulation,Embryologic Gene Expression Regulation,Gene Expression Regulation, Embryologic,Regulation of Gene Expression, Developmental,Regulation of Gene Expression, Embryologic,Regulation, Gene Expression, Developmental,Regulation, Gene Expression, Embryologic
D022661	RNA, Untranslated	RNA which does not code for protein but has some enzymatic, structural or regulatory function. Although ribosomal RNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) and transfer RNA (RNA, TRANSFER) are also untranslated RNAs they are not included in this scope.	Noncoding RNA,RNA, Non-Coding,RNA, Non-Peptide-Coding,RNA, Non-Protein-Coding,RNA, Noncoding,RNA, Nontranslated,npcRNA,Non-Coding RNA,Non-Peptide-Coding RNA,Non-Protein-Coding RNA,Nontranslated RNA,RNA, Non Coding,RNA, Non Peptide Coding,RNA, Non Protein Coding,Untranslated RNA