Outcomes evaluation following bilateral breast reconstruction using latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. 2010

Albert Losken, and Claire S Nicholas, and Ximena A Pinell, and Grant W Carlson
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. alosken@emory.edu <alosken@emory.edu>

The demand for bilateral breast reconstruction has recently increased. Although numerous options exist, the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap remains a popular technique. The benefits of additional autologous coverage are evident; however, donor site morbidity does exist. The purpose of this report is to evaluate our experience with bilateral latissimus dorsi breast reconstructions, focusing on donor site morbidity and patient satisfaction. All patients who underwent bilateral latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction at Emory University Hospital, were evaluated and included in the series. Data points queried included patient demographics, risk factors, radiation therapy, timing of the procedure (immediate or delayed), type of procedure (latissimus dorsi only, latissimus dorsi with expander, latissimus dorsi with implant), and outcomes. Outcomes included >1 additional operation, any breast and any donor-site complications. A patient satisfaction survey was performed evaluating outcomes such as aesthetic results, general satisfaction, morbidities, and functional assessment. Comparisons were made using radiation therapy, timing of reconstruction, and type of reconstruction as variables. Eighty-three patients underwent bilateral latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction with an average follow-up of 2.3 years. The method of reconstruction included latissimus dorsi with expander (n = 54), latissimus dorsi only (n = 17), and latissimus dorsi with implant (n = 12). Breast complications occurred in 34% of the patients with radiation therapy being a significant risk factor. The average number of secondary operations was 2.3 with the expander group resulting in an increased need for additional procedures. Overall patient satisfaction was 3.93/5, with the average symmetry score being 3.82/5, shape 3.84/5, nipple position 3.92/5, and inframammary fold (IMF) position 4/5. The majority of patients (n = 28/37) reported no pain (0/5) at the time of the survey. Most patients (n = 33/37) reported no impairment in daily activities, however, some did report impairment in physical activity, decreased range of motion (ROM), and pain. The latissimus dorsi remains a reliable option for bilateral breast reconstruction. Although patient satisfaction with this approach remains high, functional impairment can occur and needs to be appropriately discussed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D011183 Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. Complication, Postoperative,Complications, Postoperative,Postoperative Complication
D012086 Reoperation A repeat operation for the same condition in the same patient due to disease progression or recurrence, or as followup to failed previous surgery. Revision, Joint,Revision, Surgical,Surgery, Repeat,Surgical Revision,Repeat Surgery,Revision Surgery,Joint Revision,Revision Surgeries,Surgery, Revision
D001943 Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. Breast Cancer,Breast Tumors,Cancer of Breast,Breast Carcinoma,Cancer of the Breast,Human Mammary Carcinoma,Malignant Neoplasm of Breast,Malignant Tumor of Breast,Mammary Cancer,Mammary Carcinoma, Human,Mammary Neoplasm, Human,Mammary Neoplasms, Human,Neoplasms, Breast,Tumors, Breast,Breast Carcinomas,Breast Malignant Neoplasm,Breast Malignant Neoplasms,Breast Malignant Tumor,Breast Malignant Tumors,Breast Neoplasm,Breast Tumor,Cancer, Breast,Cancer, Mammary,Cancers, Mammary,Carcinoma, Breast,Carcinoma, Human Mammary,Carcinomas, Breast,Carcinomas, Human Mammary,Human Mammary Carcinomas,Human Mammary Neoplasm,Human Mammary Neoplasms,Mammary Cancers,Mammary Carcinomas, Human,Neoplasm, Breast,Neoplasm, Human Mammary,Neoplasms, Human Mammary,Tumor, Breast
D002285 Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma. Carcinoma, Intraductal,DCIS,Ductal Carcinoma In Situ,Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia,Intraductal Carcinoma, Noninfiltrating,Atypical Ductal Hyperplasias,Carcinoma, Noninfiltrating Intraductal,Carcinomas, Intraductal,Carcinomas, Noninfiltrating Intraductal,Ductal Hyperplasia, Atypical,Ductal Hyperplasias, Atypical,Hyperplasia, Atypical Ductal,Hyperplasias, Atypical Ductal,Intraductal Carcinoma,Intraductal Carcinomas,Intraductal Carcinomas, Noninfiltrating,Noninfiltrating Intraductal Carcinoma,Noninfiltrating Intraductal Carcinomas
D003131 Combined Modality Therapy The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used. Multimodal Treatment,Therapy, Combined Modality,Combined Modality Therapies,Modality Therapies, Combined,Modality Therapy, Combined,Multimodal Treatments,Therapies, Combined Modality,Treatment, Multimodal,Treatments, Multimodal
D004954 Esthetics The branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of the beautiful. It includes beauty, esthetic experience, esthetic judgment, esthetic aspects of medicine, etc. Aesthetics
D005260 Female Females
D005500 Follow-Up Studies Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease. Followup Studies,Follow Up Studies,Follow-Up Study,Followup Study,Studies, Follow-Up,Studies, Followup,Study, Follow-Up,Study, Followup
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man

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