The road to professionalism: reflective practice and reflective learning. 2010

William T Branch
Emory University School of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Drive, Suite 446, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States. wbranch@emory.edu

OBJECTIVE This paper describes educational programs designed to create humanistic physicians who are skilled in communicating with patients and committed to professional values. The educational programs addressed these goals in medical students, residents and young faculty members over a 22-year period. Evaluations enhanced understanding and documented outcomes of the programs. METHODS Detailed descriptions of the design and educational methods employed by the programs are given, along with results of their evaluations. RESULTS Key features of the educational programs that effectively influenced learners' skills, values, attitudes, and behaviors include: (a) longitudinal learning in small groups, (b) creating a supportive group process, (c) prominent inclusion of reflective learning, and (d) experiential learning of skills. Qualitative analyses provided an understanding of the learning processes and the transformative nature of the programs. Surveys and questionnaires documented statistically significant outcomes achieving the programs' goals. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal educational programs employing critical reflection alongside mastery of skills enhance humanistic values and may have transformative effects on their learners. PRACTICAL IMPLICATION: The descriptions and outcomes described herein for medical students, residents and young faculty members may suggest blueprints for future educational efforts aimed at producing humanistic professionals.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007396 Internship and Residency Programs of EDUCATION, MEDICAL, GRADUATE training to meet the requirements established by accrediting authorities. House Staff,Internship, Dental,Residency, Dental,Residency, Medical,Dental Internship,Dental Internships,Dental Residencies,Dental Residency,Internship,Internship, Medical,Internships, Dental,Medical Residencies,Medical Residency,Residencies, Dental,Residencies, Medical,Residency,Residency and Internship,Internships, Medical,Medical Internship,Medical Internships,Residencies,Staff, House
D007858 Learning Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge. Phenomenography
D008297 Male Males
D010865 Pilot Projects Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work. Pilot Studies,Pilot Study,Pilot Project,Project, Pilot,Projects, Pilot,Studies, Pilot,Study, Pilot
D011361 Professional Competence The capability to perform the duties of one's profession generally, or to perform a particular professional task, with skill of an acceptable quality. Competence, Professional,Generalization of Expertise,Technical Expertise,Expertise Generalization,Expertise, Technical
D003142 Communication The exchange or transmission of ideas, attitudes, or beliefs between individuals or groups. Miscommunication,Misinformation,Social Communication,Communication Programs,Communications Personnel,Personal Communication,Communication Program,Communication, Personal,Communication, Social,Communications, Social,Miscommunications,Misinformations,Personnel, Communications,Program, Communication,Programs, Communication,Social Communications
D003479 Curriculum A course of study offered by an educational institution. Curricula,Short-Term Courses,Course, Short-Term,Courses, Short-Term,Short Term Courses,Short-Term Course
D004504 Education, Medical, Undergraduate The period of medical education in a medical school. In the United States it follows the baccalaureate degree and precedes the granting of the M.D. Medical Education, Undergraduate,Education, Undergraduate Medical,Undergraduate Medical Education
D005180 Faculty, Medical Teaching and administrative staff having academic rank in a medical school. Faculties, Medical,Medical Faculties,Medical Faculty
D005260 Female Females

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