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Symptomatic patients with dural carotid-cavernous fistulas often require treatment. Traditional therapies, which often are not completely successful, include manual common carotid artery compression and embolization via transarterial routes. This report describes four symptomatic patients with spontaneous dural carotid-cavernous fistulas who were treated unsuccessfully with transarterial embolotherapy and subsequently treated successfully by having a detachable balloon introduced into the cavernous sinus via the superior ophthalmic vein, which was surgically exposed. The fistulas resolved without complications. Treatment of dural carotid-cavernous fistulas by means of the transvenous approach via the superior ophthalmic vein may be of benefit in selected patients.
L H Monsein, and
G M Debrun, and
N R Miller, and
H J Nauta, and
J R Chazaly
January 2013,
Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery,
L H Monsein, and
G M Debrun, and
N R Miller, and
H J Nauta, and
J R Chazaly
January 2015,
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L H Monsein, and
G M Debrun, and
N R Miller, and
H J Nauta, and
J R Chazaly
January 2006,
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L H Monsein, and
G M Debrun, and
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May 1997,
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L H Monsein, and
G M Debrun, and
N R Miller, and
H J Nauta, and
J R Chazaly
February 1997,
Australian and New Zealand journal of ophthalmology,
L H Monsein, and
G M Debrun, and
N R Miller, and
H J Nauta, and
J R Chazaly
August 2001,
Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie,
L H Monsein, and
G M Debrun, and
N R Miller, and
H J Nauta, and
J R Chazaly
September 1999,
Surgical neurology,
L H Monsein, and
G M Debrun, and
N R Miller, and
H J Nauta, and
J R Chazaly
January 1993,
Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery],
L H Monsein, and
G M Debrun, and
N R Miller, and
H J Nauta, and
J R Chazaly
January 2015,
Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery,
L H Monsein, and
G M Debrun, and
N R Miller, and
H J Nauta, and
J R Chazaly
April 1986,
Radiology,
