Male rats given lateral hypothalamic (LH) lesions exhibit an acute increase in gastric acid secretion and develop erosions of the glandular portion of the stomach within 24 h. Since this process has been examined predominantly in male rats, the present experiments were devised to study the effects of LH lesions on the gastric mucosa of female rats. In Experiment 1, 1-year-old Sprague-Dawley female rats given LH lesions exhibited erosions in the rumenal portion of the stomach, a pattern unlike that found in both young and old male rats. Although the glandular mucosa lacked evidence of gross defects, the mucosa appeared blanched and covered with a mucus-like secretion. Experiment 2 demonstrated that, like male rats, LH lesions produced gastric hypersecretion in 1-year-old females. The results of the first two experiments indicate that the dissimilar patterns of gastric mucosal injury between males and older females cannot be accounted for on the basis of differences in gastric acid secretion. Experiment 3 demonstrated that, unlike older females but like males, 4-month-old female rats given LH lesions developed gastric erosions in the glandular mucosa only. Additionally, ovariectomy had no significant effect in altering the extent of gastric pathology. Taken together, these results suggests that (1) age and gender are important variables in neurogenic gastric mucosal injury, (2) differences in the type of gastric ulceration cannot be accounted for by differences in acid secretion, (3) ovarian hormones do not appear to play a significant role in gastric ulceration following brain damage.