This study investigated colposcopy training in family practice residency programs, using a national survey of all 376 residency program directors. Responses were received from 75% of the directors; 59% provided colposcopy training, and 40% of the programs not providing the training were in the process of developing a training experience. There was a regional difference in programs providing training; those in the northeast were least likely to provide training and were also least likely to be actively integrating training into their curricula. The three most common barriers to colposcopy training were lack of trained faculty, equipment costs, and inadequate patient volume.