Biomaterial Database

Naturally acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparum. 1991

K P Day, and K Marsh

Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Malaria infections induce multiple humoral and cellular responses, most of which are probably not protective. This discussion of the epidemiology of acquired immunity to malaria will concentrate on two main areas: first, the relationship between parasitism and disease in endemic settings and the constraints placed on determining which responses are important in acquired protective immunity; second, the central importance of antigenic diversity in the host-parasite relationship. The emphasis throughout, unless otherwise stated, will be on the major human pathogen Plasmodium falciparum.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007113	Immunity, Innate	The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS.	Immunity, Native,Immunity, Natural,Immunity, Non-Specific,Resistance, Natural,Innate Immune Response,Innate Immunity,Immune Response, Innate,Immune Responses, Innate,Immunity, Non Specific,Innate Immune Responses,Native Immunity,Natural Immunity,Natural Resistance,Non-Specific Immunity
D008288	Malaria	A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	Marsh Fever,Plasmodium Infections,Remittent Fever,Infections, Plasmodium,Paludism,Fever, Marsh,Fever, Remittent,Infection, Plasmodium,Plasmodium Infection
D010963	Plasmodium falciparum	A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.	Plasmodium falciparums,falciparums, Plasmodium
D011498	Protein Precursors		Precursors, Protein
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000940	Antigenic Variation	Change in the surface ANTIGEN of a microorganism. There are two different types. One is a phenomenon, especially associated with INFLUENZA VIRUSES, where they undergo spontaneous variation both as slow antigenic drift and sudden emergence of new strains (antigenic shift). The second type is when certain PARASITES, especially trypanosomes, PLASMODIUM, and BORRELIA, survive the immune response of the host by changing the surface coat (antigen switching). (From Herbert et al., The Dictionary of Immunology, 4th ed)	Antigen Switching,Antigenic Diversity,Variation, Antigenic,Antigen Variation,Antigenic Switching,Antigenic Variability,Switching, Antigenic,Diversity, Antigenic,Switching, Antigen,Variability, Antigenic,Variation, Antigen
D000953	Antigens, Protozoan	Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.	Protozoan Antigens
D015800	Protozoan Proteins	Proteins found in any species of protozoan.	Proteins, Protozoan
D020066	Merozoite Surface Protein 1	A surface protein found on Plasmodium species which induces a T-cell response. The antigen is polymorphic, sharing amino acid sequence homology among PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; and PLASMODIUM YOELII.	MSP1,MSA-1,MSA-1 Protein,MSA1,MSA1 Protein,MSP-1,MSP1, P. vivax,Major Merozoite Surface Protein Precursor,Merozoite Surface Antigen 1,Merozoite Surface Protein-1,PFM-PSCP,PMMSA,Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Precursor Surface Coat Protein,MSA 1 Protein,P. vivax MSP1,Protein, MSA-1,Protein, MSA1,Surface Protein-1, Merozoite