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Central-facial mutilations, located within the nose lips and chin triangle, require great quality repairs regarding morphology and function. Plastic surgery history affords the ideas evolution in this field crossing over nose and lips reconstructions, which were the subject of successive reports within our society, in 1994 (nose reconstruction) and 2002 (lips reconstruction). Now a day, following this progress, the plastic surgeon has a large choice of reliable techniques. His choice is dictated by a precise evaluation of the limits of the substance loss to repair, according to a (mapping) classification of the nose-lip and chin triangle. This classification defines three units (nose-labial, bilabial and chin-labial) as reflexion bases to the therapeutic indications. This anatomical and surgical approach was built starting from a retrospective study of 195 central-facial mutilations caused by ballistic damage and dog bites. The results evaluation makes possible to carry out a reflexion on the potential indications regarding allograft as a therapeutic alternative to the traditional reconstructions of this territory.
B Raphaël, and
M Brix, and
H Sadek, and
F Moutet, and
J Lebeau
January 1981,
Annales de chirurgie plastique,
B Raphaël, and
M Brix, and
H Sadek, and
F Moutet, and
J Lebeau
August 2019,
Journal of cosmetic dermatology,
B Raphaël, and
M Brix, and
H Sadek, and
F Moutet, and
J Lebeau
November 1994,
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics,
B Raphaël, and
M Brix, and
H Sadek, and
F Moutet, and
J Lebeau
January 1977,
Annales de chirurgie plastique,
B Raphaël, and
M Brix, and
H Sadek, and
F Moutet, and
J Lebeau
November 1958,
Zeitschrift fur Laryngologie, Rhinologie, Otologie und ihre Grenzgebiete,
B Raphaël, and
M Brix, and
H Sadek, and
F Moutet, and
J Lebeau
September 2006,
Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery,
B Raphaël, and
M Brix, and
H Sadek, and
F Moutet, and
J Lebeau
July 1982,
South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde,
B Raphaël, and
M Brix, and
H Sadek, and
F Moutet, and
J Lebeau
August 2017,
Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America,
B Raphaël, and
M Brix, and
H Sadek, and
F Moutet, and
J Lebeau
January 1965,
Il Fracastoro,
B Raphaël, and
M Brix, and
H Sadek, and
F Moutet, and
J Lebeau
January 1951,
The Journal of the International College of Surgeons,
