Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is performed currently using laparoscopy. We report on a pilot-study from 1.1.1987 to 31.12.1987 and from 1.5.1988 to 30.4.1989, in which we used hysteroscopy instead of laparoscopy for the GIFT-procedure. The entering conditions were: unexplained (idiopathic) infertility, failure of previous treatments, proven fertilization capability of the gametes in at least one IVF attempt, and request of the married couple to dispense with laparoscopy during GIFT procedure. Hysteroscopic GIFT was initially performed on hysterectomy specimens, using the Chorionoskop. Continuous flow CO2 through the fallopian tubes did not result in loss of gametes. Twenty-four treatment cycles were performed in 16 patients. In 19 cycles, gametes were transferred into one tube, and in two cycles they were transferred into both tubes. Four of 16 women conceived: one patient delivered at term, three pregnancies ended in a first trimester abortion. These results demonstrate that the hysteroscopic approach to intrafallopian gamete transfer can be successful. However, the technique is demanding and requires extensive training. We conclude that further improvements of hysteroscopic GIFT are needed.