Biomaterial Database

Sister chromatid exchange studies for monitoring DNA damage and repair capacity after cytostatics in vitro and in lymphocytes of leukaemic patients under cytostatic therapy. 1978

T Raposa

The effect of various cytostatic drugs was studied on the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in vitro and in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes of leukaemic patients under cytostatic therapy. The lymphocyte system is a sensitive one for the detection of DNA damage after administration of cytostatic drugs in vitro. Mitomycin C, busulphan, vincristine, chlorambucil, cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide and lycurim were tested. All except cyclophosphamide induced high frequencies of SCEs in the first mitosis after their administration. The experiments with PHA-stimulated lymphocytes in vivo from patients treated with cytostatics showed that cytosine arabinoside, in combination with thioguanine, did not induce higher frequencies of SCEs, whereas in patients who were treated with cyclophosphamide alone or in combination with other cytostatic drugs, there was a higher incidence of SCEs during treatment. About 10 days after the termination of the treatment the elevated freuqencies of SCEs returned to the initial level. After administration of some mutagens, especially alkylating agents in vivo, the lymphocyte system can be used to assess induced DNA repair by continuously monitoring for SCEs.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007938	Leukemia	A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	Leucocythaemia,Leucocythemia,Leucocythaemias,Leucocythemias,Leukemias
D008214	Lymphocytes	White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.	Lymphoid Cells,Cell, Lymphoid,Cells, Lymphoid,Lymphocyte,Lymphoid Cell
D008698	Mesylates	Organic salts or esters of methanesulfonic acid.	Mesilate,Methanesulfonates,Mesilates,Mesylate,Methylenesulfonates
D008937	Mitomycins	A group of methylazirinopyrroloindolediones obtained from certain Streptomyces strains. They are very toxic antibiotics used as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS in some solid tumors. PORFIROMYCIN and MITOMYCIN are the most useful members of the group.
D002066	Busulfan	An alkylating agent having a selective immunosuppressive effect on BONE MARROW. It has been used in the palliative treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC), but although symptomatic relief is provided, no permanent remission is brought about. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), busulfan is listed as a known carcinogen.	Busulphan,Busulfan Wellcome,Busulfex,Glyzophrol,Myelosan,Mylecytan,Myleran,Myléran,n-Butane-1,3-di(methylsulfonate),Wellcome, Busulfan
D002478	Cells, Cultured	Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.	Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D002699	Chlorambucil	A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed)	4-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)benzenebutanoic Acid,Amboclorin,CB-1348,Chloraminophene,Chlorbutin,Leukeran,Lympholysin,N,N-Di-(2-chloroethyl)-p-aminophenylbutyric Acid,NSC-3088,CB 1348,CB1348,NSC 3088,NSC3088
D002842	Chromatids	Either of the two longitudinally adjacent threads formed when a eukaryotic chromosome replicates prior to mitosis. The chromatids are held together at the centromere. Sister chromatids are derived from the same chromosome. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	Chromatid
D003434	Crossing Over, Genetic	The reciprocal exchange of segments at corresponding positions along pairs of homologous CHROMOSOMES by symmetrical breakage and crosswise rejoining forming cross-over sites (HOLLIDAY JUNCTIONS) that are resolved during CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION. Crossing-over typically occurs during MEIOSIS but it may also occur in the absence of meiosis, for example, with bacterial chromosomes, organelle chromosomes, or somatic cell nuclear chromosomes.	Crossing Over,Crossing-Over, Genetic,Crossing Overs,Genetic Crossing Over,Genetic Crossing-Over
D003520	Cyclophosphamide	Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.	(+,-)-2-(bis(2-Chloroethyl)amino)tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-Oxide Monohydrate,B-518,Cyclophosphamide Anhydrous,Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate,Cyclophosphamide, (R)-Isomer,Cyclophosphamide, (S)-Isomer,Cyclophosphane,Cytophosphan,Cytophosphane,Cytoxan,Endoxan,NSC-26271,Neosar,Procytox,Sendoxan,B 518,B518,NSC 26271,NSC26271