Biomaterial Database

Analyzing physiological function of polypeptide GalNAcT-1-deficient mice in humoral immunity. 2010

Mari Tenno

RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan.

A family of polypeptide GalNAc transferases (ppGalNAcTs) initiates protein O-glycosylation. The ppGalNAcT gene family is large; at least 15 ppGalNAcT isozymes have been cloned so far and each of them may have important and distinctive physiologic functions. ppGalNAcT-1, which is highly expressed in many tissues and cell types, is the first member of the ppGalNAcT family to be cloned. In order to understand the physiologic role of ppGalNAcT-1, we generated and characterized mice lacking this isozyme. We found that ppGalNAcT-1 plays key roles in germinal center (GC) B lymphocyte apoptosis in the modulation of humoral immune response. In this chapter, in vitro and in vivo systems to assess the B lymphocyte function of ppGalNAcT-1-deficient mice are discussed. In addition, detailed information on the immunohistochemistry of GC is also described.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007150	Immunohistochemistry	Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.	Immunocytochemistry,Immunogold Techniques,Immunogold-Silver Techniques,Immunohistocytochemistry,Immunolabeling Techniques,Immunogold Technics,Immunogold-Silver Technics,Immunolabeling Technics,Immunogold Silver Technics,Immunogold Silver Techniques,Immunogold Technic,Immunogold Technique,Immunogold-Silver Technic,Immunogold-Silver Technique,Immunolabeling Technic,Immunolabeling Technique,Technic, Immunogold,Technic, Immunogold-Silver,Technic, Immunolabeling,Technics, Immunogold,Technics, Immunogold-Silver,Technics, Immunolabeling,Technique, Immunogold,Technique, Immunogold-Silver,Technique, Immunolabeling,Techniques, Immunogold,Techniques, Immunogold-Silver,Techniques, Immunolabeling
D008213	Lymphocyte Activation	Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.	Blast Transformation,Blastogenesis,Lymphoblast Transformation,Lymphocyte Stimulation,Lymphocyte Transformation,Transformation, Blast,Transformation, Lymphoblast,Transformation, Lymphocyte,Activation, Lymphocyte,Stimulation, Lymphocyte
D000097763	Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase	Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of GalNAcAlpha1-serine/threonine linkages in glycoproteins.	Galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramide beta-D-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase,Globoside Synthase,Globoside beta GalNAc Transferase,Protein-UDPacetylgalactosaminyltransferase,(1-3)-N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminyltransferase,(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyltransferase,4-GalNActransferase,GalNAc-T1,GalNAc-T10,GalNAc-T2,GalNAc-T3,GalNAc-T4,GalNAc-T5,GalNAc-T8,GalNAc-transferase,GalNAcT-1,GalNAcT-2,GalNAcT-4,GalNAcT-8,UDP-GPAGAT,UDP-GalNAc-beta-galactose beta 1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase,UDP-GalNAc-polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase,UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-T4,UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine mucin transferase,UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-beta-galactose beta 1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase,UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-globoside beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase,UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-globosidetriaosylceramide beta-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase,UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase,UDPacetylgalactosamine-galactosyl-galactosyl-glucosylceramide beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase,UDPacetylgalactosamine-protein acetylgalactosaminyltransferase,beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase,beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase,beta1,6N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase,polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1,polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 10,polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2,polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3,polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4,polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 5,polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 8,pp-GalNAc-T10,ppGalNAc-T,Synthase, Globoside
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001402	B-Lymphocytes	Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.	B-Cells, Lymphocyte,B-Lymphocyte,Bursa-Dependent Lymphocytes,B Cells, Lymphocyte,B Lymphocyte,B Lymphocytes,B-Cell, Lymphocyte,Bursa Dependent Lymphocytes,Bursa-Dependent Lymphocyte,Lymphocyte B-Cell,Lymphocyte B-Cells,Lymphocyte, Bursa-Dependent,Lymphocytes, Bursa-Dependent
D017209	Apoptosis	A regulated cell death mechanism characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA, at regularly spaced, internucleosomal sites, i.e., DNA FRAGMENTATION. It is genetically programmed and serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.	Apoptosis, Extrinsic Pathway,Apoptosis, Intrinsic Pathway,Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis,Classic Apoptosis,Classical Apoptosis,Programmed Cell Death,Programmed Cell Death, Type I,Apoptoses, Extrinsic Pathway,Apoptoses, Intrinsic Pathway,Apoptosis, Caspase-Dependent,Apoptosis, Classic,Apoptosis, Classical,Caspase Dependent Apoptosis,Cell Death, Programmed,Classic Apoptoses,Extrinsic Pathway Apoptoses,Extrinsic Pathway Apoptosis,Intrinsic Pathway Apoptoses,Intrinsic Pathway Apoptosis
D017350	N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases	Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine from a nucleoside diphosphate N-acetylgalactosamine to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.	N-Acetylgalactosamine Transferases,N Acetylgalactosamine Transferases,N Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases,Transferases, N-Acetylgalactosamine
D051379	Mice	The common name for the genus Mus.	Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus
D056724	Immunity, Humoral	Antibody-mediated immune response. Humoral immunity is brought about by ANTIBODY FORMATION, resulting from TH2 CELLS activating B-LYMPHOCYTES, followed by COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION.	Humoral Immune Response,Humoral Immune Responses,Humoral Immunity,Immune Response, Humoral,Immune Responses, Humoral,Response, Humoral Immune
D018345	Mice, Knockout	Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.	Knockout Mice,Mice, Knock-out,Mouse, Knockout,Knock-out Mice,Knockout Mouse,Mice, Knock out