The protective role of heme oxygenase-1 in cerebral ischemia. 2010

Emmanuel Aztatzi-Santillán, and Felipe Eduardo Nares-López, and Berenice Márquez-Valadez, and Penélope Aguilera, and María Elena Chánez-Cárdenas
Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Av. Insurgentes Sur 3877, México D.F. 14269, México.

Cerebral ischemia is one of the leading causes of death and disability in industrialized countries, with no curative treatments to date. Identification of potential targets and elucidation of their physiological role under stress conditions may give support to the development of drugs and strategies to contend with this pathology. In the last years, Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been considered by many groups as a potential target in ischemic damage. HO-1 is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of the heme group to billiverdin, carbon monoxide and iron; a highly regulated cytoprotective enzyme able to respond to numerous chemical or physical stressors, many of which decrease oxygen availability and generate oxidative stress. The disruption of HO-1 activity has been widely associated with a bad outcome in many disorders, and a protective role through its heme catabolism products has been observed in transplantation, cardiac ischemia, limb ischemia/reperfusion and different alterations that involve ischemia and reperfusion events. Here, we review recent reports supporting the protective role of HO-1 in cerebral ischemia. Results on the endogenous HO-1 response, overexpression of HO-1 and compounds that reduce ischemic damage through the induction of HO-1 in cerebral ischemia in in vivo and in vitro models are analyzed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002545 Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION. Cerebral Ischemia,Ischemic Encephalopathy,Encephalopathy, Ischemic,Ischemia, Cerebral,Brain Ischemias,Cerebral Ischemias,Ischemia, Brain,Ischemias, Cerebral,Ischemic Encephalopathies
D004790 Enzyme Induction An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis. Induction, Enzyme
D006466 Hemopexin
D006493 Heparin A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts. Heparinic Acid,alpha-Heparin,Heparin Sodium,Liquaemin,Sodium Heparin,Unfractionated Heparin,Heparin, Sodium,Heparin, Unfractionated,alpha Heparin
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001664 Biliverdine 1,3,6,7-Tetramethyl-4,5-dicarboxyethyl-2,8-divinylbilenone. Biosynthesized from hemoglobin as a precursor of bilirubin. Occurs in the bile of AMPHIBIANS and of birds, but not in normal human bile or serum. Dehydrobilirubin,Ooecyan,Uteroverdine,Biliverdin,Biliverdin IX,Biliverdin IX alpha,IX alpha, Biliverdin,IX, Biliverdin,alpha, Biliverdin IX
D015082 2,2'-Dipyridyl A reagent used for the determination of iron. 2,2-Bipyridine,Bipyridyl,alpha,alpha-Dipyridyl,2,2 Dipyridyl,2,2' Dipyridyl,2,2'-Bipyridine,2,2-Bipyridyl,2,2-Dipyridyl,2,2 Bipyridine,2,2 Bipyridyl,2,2' Bipyridine,Dipyridyl, 2,2,Dipyridyl, 2,2',alpha,alpha Dipyridyl
D051267 NF-E2-Related Factor 2 A basic-leucine zipper transcription factor that was originally described as a transcriptional regulator controlling expression of the BETA-GLOBIN gene. It may regulate the expression of a wide variety of genes that play a role in protecting cells from oxidative damage. Nfe2l2 Protein,Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-Derived 2)-Like 2 Protein,Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2,NF E2 Related Factor 2,Nuclear Factor E2 Related Factor 2
D051547 Heme Oxygenase-1 A ubiquitous stress-responsive enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of HEME to yield IRON; CARBON MONOXIDE; and BILIVERDIN. Hemeoxygenase 1,Heme Oxygenase 1,Oxygenase-1, Heme

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