Biomaterial Database

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans mitogenicity for B cells can be attributed to lipopolysaccharide. 1990

J W Eastcott, and M A Taubman, and D J Smith, and S C Holt

Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, Massachusetts.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the component(s) of whole Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans bacteria responsible for B cell mitogenic activity. Congenitally athymic "nude" rats were used as a source of B cells devoid of T lymphocyte activity. Spleen cells were cultured with, or without, whole formalin-killed A. actinomycetemcomitans bacteria or with purified LPS from A. actinomycetemcomitans. Dose-response curves to A. actinomycetemcomitans cells or to A. actinomycetemcomitans-LPS showed that responses were dose dependent. If optimal quantities of both A. actinomycetemcomitans and A. actinomycetemcomitans-LPS were added in combination, the proliferative responses were the same as if either was added alone, i.e., the responses were not additive. Polymyxin B at 2 micrograms/well completely abrogated the proliferative response of athymic rat splenocytes to 10(7) A. actinomycetemcomitans cells or to 1.25 micrograms A. actinomycetemcomitans-LPS/well. Therefore, the in vitro early proliferative response of B cells to A. actinomycetemcomitans can be attributed to the presence of LPS on A. actinomycetemcomitans cells. A considerable portion of the in situ lymphocytic gingival response to A. actinomycetemcomitans infection seen in periodontal disease patients may be a B cell mitogenic response to the LPS of this bacterium.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008070	Lipopolysaccharides	Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)	Lipopolysaccharide,Lipoglycans
D008213	Lymphocyte Activation	Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.	Blast Transformation,Blastogenesis,Lymphoblast Transformation,Lymphocyte Stimulation,Lymphocyte Transformation,Transformation, Blast,Transformation, Lymphoblast,Transformation, Lymphocyte,Activation, Lymphocyte,Stimulation, Lymphocyte
D008934	Mitogens	Substances that stimulate mitosis and lymphocyte transformation. They include not only substances associated with LECTINS, but also substances from streptococci (associated with streptolysin S) and from strains of alpha-toxin-producing staphylococci. (Stedman, 25th ed)	Mitogen,Phytomitogen,Phytomitogens
D010510	Periodontal Diseases	Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	Parodontosis,Pyorrhea Alveolaris,Disease, Periodontal,Diseases, Periodontal,Parodontoses,Periodontal Disease
D011112	Polymyxin B	A mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, obtained from BACILLUS POLYMYXA strains. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes. Polymyxin B is used for treatment of infections with gram-negative bacteria, but may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic.	Aerosporin,Polymyxin B Sulfate
D011923	Rats, Nude	A mutant strain of Rattus norvegicus without a thymus and with depressed or absent T-cell function. This strain of rats may have a small amount of hair at times, but then lose it.	Athymic Rats,Nude Rats,Rats, Athymic,Athymic Rat,Nude Rat,Rat, Athymic,Rat, Nude
D005260	Female		Females
D000188	Actinobacillus	A genus of PASTEURELLACEAE described as gram-negative, nonsporeforming, nonmotile, facultative anaerobes. Most members are found both as pathogens and commensal organisms in the respiratory, alimentary, and genital tracts of animals.
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001402	B-Lymphocytes	Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.	B-Cells, Lymphocyte,B-Lymphocyte,Bursa-Dependent Lymphocytes,B Cells, Lymphocyte,B Lymphocyte,B Lymphocytes,B-Cell, Lymphocyte,Bursa Dependent Lymphocytes,Bursa-Dependent Lymphocyte,Lymphocyte B-Cell,Lymphocyte B-Cells,Lymphocyte, Bursa-Dependent,Lymphocytes, Bursa-Dependent