The authors give an account of the application of USG as the primary examination method of the kidneys and retroperitoneum based on the examination of 2330 patients aged 15-93 years. A positive USG finding was recorded in 44%. A urological case-history was recorded in 81.5% of the patients. Patients in the 6th decade were affected most frequently. Cystic changes were found in 15.1%, chronic inflammatory changes in 11.24%. Tumours of the kidneys were present in 4.3% patients. The examination was unsuccessful in 5.1%, whereby it supported in 66% the negative urological finding. Ultrasonography is recommended as the method of first choice in patients with urological symptomatology after the basic clinical and laboratory examination.