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Adolescents' emotional reactions to parental cancer: effect on emotional and behavioral problems. 2011

Stacey M Gazendam-Donofrio, and Harald J Hoekstra, and Winette T A van der Graaf, and Harry B M van de Wiel, and Annemieke Visser, and Gea A Huizinga, and Josette E H M Hoekstra-Weebers
Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, Groningen, The Netherlands. s.m.donofrio@rug.nl

OBJECTIVE We examined adolescents' emotional reactions to parental cancer and explored relationships between emotional reactions and adolescents' emotional/behavioral problems. METHODS Two studies were performed: retrospective and prospective. A total of 221 adolescents (105 sons) of 138 patients (retrospective) and 70 adolescents (31 sons) of 70 patients (prospective) participated. Adolescents reported on cancer-specific uncertainty, loneliness, helplessness and positive emotions (Situation-Specific Emotional Reactions Questionnaire), and filled in the Youth Self-Report once retrospectively during the period of 1-5 year(s) after diagnosis and three times prospectively during the first year (4 months post-diagnosis, 6 and 12 months after T1). RESULTS Emotional reactions were similar between pro- and retrospective studies. Prospectively, uncertainty and helplessness decreased over time. Uncertainty and loneliness related significantly to adolescents' dysfunction (prospective and retrospective). Relationships between emotions and functioning were stronger and more often significant for daughters. Prospectively, adolescents' post-diagnosis emotional reactions were largely unrelated to later functioning. CONCLUSIONS Uncertainty and loneliness related to adolescents' emotional and behavioral problems. Daughters' emotions seem more strongly related to functioning than sons'.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008132 Loneliness The state of feeling sad or dejected as a result of lack of companionship or being separated from others. Homesickness
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D009369 Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. Benign Neoplasm,Cancer,Malignant Neoplasm,Tumor,Tumors,Benign Neoplasms,Malignancy,Malignant Neoplasms,Neoplasia,Neoplasm,Neoplasms, Benign,Cancers,Malignancies,Neoplasias,Neoplasm, Benign,Neoplasm, Malignant,Neoplasms, Malignant
D010287 Parent-Child Relations The interactions between parent and child. Parent-Offspring Interaction,Parent Child Relationship,Parent-Child Relationship,Interaction, Parent-Offspring,Parent Child Relations,Parent Child Relationships,Parent Offspring Interaction,Parent-Child Relation,Parent-Child Relationships,Parent-Offspring Interactions,Relation, Parent-Child,Relationship, Parent Child,Relationship, Parent-Child
D010290 Parents Persons functioning as natural, adoptive, or substitute parents. The heading includes the concept of parenthood as well as preparation for becoming a parent. Step-Parents,Parental Age,Parenthood Status,Stepparent,Age, Parental,Ages, Parental,Parent,Parental Ages,Status, Parenthood,Step Parents,Step-Parent,Stepparents
D011446 Prospective Studies Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group. Prospective Study,Studies, Prospective,Study, Prospective
D011795 Surveys and Questionnaires Collections of data obtained from voluntary subjects. The information usually takes the form of answers to questions, or suggestions. Community Survey,Nonrespondent,Questionnaire,Questionnaires,Respondent,Survey,Survey Method,Survey Methods,Surveys,Baseline Survey,Community Surveys,Methodology, Survey,Nonrespondents,Questionnaire Design,Randomized Response Technique,Repeated Rounds of Survey,Respondents,Survey Methodology,Baseline Surveys,Design, Questionnaire,Designs, Questionnaire,Methods, Survey,Questionnaire Designs,Questionnaires and Surveys,Randomized Response Techniques,Response Technique, Randomized,Response Techniques, Randomized,Survey, Baseline,Survey, Community,Surveys, Baseline,Surveys, Community,Techniques, Randomized Response
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D004644 Emotions Those affective states which can be experienced and have arousing and motivational properties. Feelings,Regret,Emotion,Feeling,Regrets

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