Prolonged upright posture induces degenerative changes in intervertebral discs of rat cervical spine. 2011

Qian-Qian Liang, and Xue-Jun Cui, and Zhi-Jie Xi, and Qin Bian, and Wei Hou, and Yong-Jian Zhao, and Qi Shi, and Yong-Jun Wang
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

METHODS An in vivo study of the cervical intervertebral discs (IVDs) response to upright posture was performed using an amputated bipedal rat model. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of upright posture on IVDs of rat cervical spine. BACKGROUND The distinct arrangement of human neck muscle from that of cat and rhesus indicated that in the evolution process, upright posture might have affected cervical spine of human ancestors. However, the effects of upright posture on cervical spine have not been assessed. METHODS Forty-one-month-old rats were randomly divided into 5-month-control, 5-month-surgery, 7-month-control, and 7-month surgery group (n = 10 per group). Both forelimbs of 2 surgery group rats were amputated, and those rats were then induced to be upright in the custom-made cages. Two control group rats were kept in regular cages. These rats were respectively killed at the fifth and seventh month after surgery and the IVD samples of lumbar spine were harvested for histologic and immunohistochemical studies. Total RNA isolated from these samples were used for real-time polymerase chain reaction of type II collagen (Col2a1), type X collagen, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), MMP-3, aggre-can, and aggrecanase-2 (ADAMTS-5). RESULTS Upright posture affects histologic changes of the cervical IVDs such as fissures of anulus fibrosus and decreased height of disc, decreased protein level of Col2a1 at nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus, up-regulated MMP-13, MMP-3, ADAMTS-5, and type X collagen mRNA expression, and downregulated mRNA expression of Col2a1 and aggrecan. CONCLUSIONS Upright stance accelerates cervical disc degeneration in rats.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007150 Immunohistochemistry Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents. Immunocytochemistry,Immunogold Techniques,Immunogold-Silver Techniques,Immunohistocytochemistry,Immunolabeling Techniques,Immunogold Technics,Immunogold-Silver Technics,Immunolabeling Technics,Immunogold Silver Technics,Immunogold Silver Techniques,Immunogold Technic,Immunogold Technique,Immunogold-Silver Technic,Immunogold-Silver Technique,Immunolabeling Technic,Immunolabeling Technique,Technic, Immunogold,Technic, Immunogold-Silver,Technic, Immunolabeling,Technics, Immunogold,Technics, Immunogold-Silver,Technics, Immunolabeling,Technique, Immunogold,Technique, Immunogold-Silver,Technique, Immunolabeling,Techniques, Immunogold,Techniques, Immunogold-Silver,Techniques, Immunolabeling
D007403 Intervertebral Disc Any of the 23 plates of fibrocartilage found between the bodies of adjacent VERTEBRAE. Disk, Intervertebral,Intervertebral Disk,Disc, Intervertebral,Discs, Intervertebral,Disks, Intervertebral,Intervertebral Discs,Intervertebral Disks
D011187 Posture The position or physical attitude of the body. Postures
D002574 Cervical Vertebrae The first seven VERTEBRAE of the SPINAL COLUMN, which correspond to the VERTEBRAE of the NECK. Cervical Spine,Cervical Spines,Spine, Cervical,Vertebrae, Cervical
D005552 Forelimb A front limb of a quadruped. (The Random House College Dictionary, 1980) Forelimbs
D000071116 ADAMTS5 Protein An ADAMTS protease that contains two C-terminal thrombospondin (TS) motifs. It functions primarily as an aggrecanase, cleaving AGGRECAN in CARTILAGE, and may be involved in the destruction of aggrecan in ARTHRITIS. A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase With Thrombospondin Motifs 5 Protein,ADAMTS-5 Protein,ADAMTS11 Protein,ADAMTS5 Protease,Aggrecanase-2,ADAMTS 5 Protein,Aggrecanase 2
D000671 Amputation, Surgical The surgical removal of part of, or all of, a limb or other appendage or outgrowth of the body. Amputation,Amputation, Multiple, Surgical,Multiple Amputation, Surgical,Surgical Amputation Procedures,Amputation Procedure, Surgical,Amputation Procedures, Surgical,Amputation, Surgical Multiple,Amputations,Amputations, Surgical,Amputations, Surgical Multiple,Multiple Amputations, Surgical,Procedure, Surgical Amputation,Procedures, Surgical Amputation,Surgical Amputation,Surgical Amputation Procedure,Surgical Amputations,Surgical Multiple Amputation,Surgical Multiple Amputations
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013997 Time Factors Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations. Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D016133 Polymerase Chain Reaction In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships. Anchored PCR,Inverse PCR,Nested PCR,PCR,Anchored Polymerase Chain Reaction,Inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction,Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR, Anchored,PCR, Inverse,PCR, Nested,Polymerase Chain Reactions,Reaction, Polymerase Chain,Reactions, Polymerase Chain

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