Biomaterial Database

The body distribution and biological action of xenobiotics. 1990

M I Mikheev, and Gorlinskaya YeP, and T V Solovyova

Institute for Advanced Medical Training, Leningrad, USSR.

The authors explored the tissue and intracellular distribution in the body of xenobiotics (aniline-1-14C hydroclorate, dioxane-1,4-14C, toluol-1-14C, phenol-1-14C and 1,2-14C ethylene glycol) following their administration in single doses to white rats. The distribution of the tested substances in the body was correlated with their toxic effects. An analysis of distribution coefficients revealed a multifactorial nature of the distribution in the body of xenobiotics--environmental pollutants. A key role in the distribution of xenobiotics in the body is attributed to histohematic barriers which provide for the selective accumulation of xenobiotics in tissues by utilizing existing modes of active and passive membrane transport. The polytropic nature of the biological effects typical of most chemical environmental pollutants is accounted for by their multireceptor interactions in the body as well as by membrane damage resulting in the distortion of genetic information and, consequently, disorganization of metabolic processes.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010636	Phenols	Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.
D004146	Dioxanes	Compounds that contain the structure 1,4-dioxane.
D005026	Ethylene Glycols	An ethylene compound with two hydroxy groups (-OH) located on adjacent carbons. They are viscous and colorless liquids. Some are used as anesthetics or hypnotics. However, the class is best known for their use as a coolant or antifreeze.	Dihydroxyethanes,Ethanediols,Glycols, Ethylene
D000814	Aniline Compounds	Compounds that include the aminobenzene structure.	Phenylamine,Phenylamines,Anilines,Compounds, Aniline
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014018	Tissue Distribution	Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.	Distribution, Tissue,Distributions, Tissue,Tissue Distributions
D014050	Toluene	A widely used industrial solvent.
D015262	Xenobiotics	Chemical substances that are foreign to the biological system. They include naturally occurring compounds, drugs, environmental agents, carcinogens, insecticides, etc.	Xenobiotic
D051381	Rats	The common name for the genus Rattus.	Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus