Biomaterial Database

Development of oral vaccines against cholera and enterotoxinogenic Escherichia coli diarrhea. 1990

J Holmgren, and A M Svennerholm

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Göteborg, Sweden.

An oral cholera vaccine consisting of the immunogenic but completely nontoxic B subunit of cholera toxin in combination with heat- and formalin-killed cholera vibrios has been developed. This vaccine, which was designed to evoke antitoxic as well as antibacterial intestinal immunity, has in extensive clinical trials including a large field trial been shown to confer, without any side-effects, protection against cholera lasting for at least 3 years. The vaccine also induced protection of shorter duration against diarrhea caused by enterotoxinogenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Significant progress has also been made recently using recombinant DNA techniques towards development of a live attenuated oral cholera vaccine. Furthermore, new knowledge about virulence factors and protective antigens of ETEC has given promise that an effective oral ETEC vaccine may soon be developed combining a B subunit toxoid with inactivated ETEC expressing the most important colonization fimbrial antigens.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D004768	Enterotoxins	Substances that are toxic to the intestinal tract causing vomiting, diarrhea, etc.; most common enterotoxins are produced by bacteria.	Staphylococcal Enterotoxin,Enterotoxin,Staphylococcal Enterotoxins,Enterotoxin, Staphylococcal,Enterotoxins, Staphylococcal
D004926	Escherichia coli	A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.	Alkalescens-Dispar Group,Bacillus coli,Bacterium coli,Bacterium coli commune,Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli,E coli,EAggEC,Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli,Enterococcus coli,Diffusely Adherent E. coli,Enteroaggregative E. coli,Enteroinvasive E. coli,Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000284	Administration, Oral	The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.	Drug Administration, Oral,Administration, Oral Drug,Oral Administration,Oral Drug Administration,Administrations, Oral,Administrations, Oral Drug,Drug Administrations, Oral,Oral Administrations,Oral Drug Administrations
D001428	Bacterial Vaccines	Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.	Bacterial Vaccine,Bacterin,Vaccine, Bacterial,Vaccines, Bacterial
D022121	Cholera Vaccines	Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with VIBRIO CHOLERAE. The original cholera vaccine consisted of killed bacteria, but other kinds of vaccines now exist.	Cholera Vaccine,Vaccine, Cholera,Vaccines, Cholera