Fatal methaemoglobinaemia induced by self-poisoning with sodium nitrite. 2010

Martyn Harvey, and Grant Cave, and Giles Chanwai
Waikato Hospital, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. harveym@waikatodhb.govt.nz

Inadvertent ingestion of sodium nitrite is known to precipitate metheamoglobinaemia. No cases exist, however, of intentional suicide by methaemoglobinaemia following self-poisoning with sodium nitrite. A 76-year-old man collapsed and rapidly developed brady-asystolic cardiac arrest 25 min following self-poisoning with an unknown quantity of crystalline sodium nitrite. On arrival in the ED the patient was asystolic with cardiopulmonary resuscitation in progress. Haemoglobin concentration was 110 g/L, arterial methaemoglobin measured 82.6% and serum lactate 9.6 mmol/L. Antioxidative treatment was undertaken with total 5 mg/kg intravenous methylene blue administered in divided aliquots. Despite prolonged resuscitative efforts the patient died. Resuscitation from methaemoglobinaemia-induced asystole following self-poisoning presents a unique therapeutic challenge. Treatment of methaemoglobinaemia-induced cardiovascular instability and overt cardiopulmonary arrest are discussed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008708 Methemoglobinemia The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed) Methemoglobinemias
D009566 Nitrates Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. Nitrate
D002273 Carcinogens Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included. Carcinogen,Oncogen,Oncogens,Tumor Initiator,Tumor Initiators,Tumor Promoter,Tumor Promoters,Initiator, Tumor,Initiators, Tumor,Promoter, Tumor,Promoters, Tumor
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000368 Aged A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available. Elderly
D013405 Suicide The act of killing oneself. Suicides
D017809 Fatal Outcome Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept. Fatal Outcomes,Outcome, Fatal,Outcomes, Fatal

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