Biomaterial Database

Renal sodium and water handling in hypothyroid patients: the role of renal insufficiency. 1990

M Allon, and A Harrow, and C B Pasque, and M Rodriguez

University of Oklahoma School of Medicine, Nephrology Section, Oklahoma City.

The mechanism responsible for renal tubular abnormalities in sodium and water excretion in hypothyroid patients is poorly understood. To evaluate the possible contribution of the reduced glomerular filtration rate of hypothyroidism to these abnormalities, tubular function in hypothyroid patients was compared with that in patients with chronic renal failure and in normal subjects. The lithium clearance method and oral water loading were used to evaluate parameters of tubular sodium and water handling, respectively. The hypothyroid and the chronic renal failure patients were selected to have similar reductions in glomerular filtration rate. As compared to the normal subjects, the hypothyroid and chronic renal failure patients had a decrease in proximal sodium reabsorption and an increase in distal sodium reabsorption. The changes in tubular handling of sodium were not different in the hypothyroid and the chronic renal failure patients. Maximal urinary flow rate and free water clearances were similarly reduced in the hypothyroid patients and the chronic renal failure patients. For all subjects studied, proximal sodium reabsorption and maximal urinary volume were directly correlated with the glomerular filtration rate, and distal nephron sodium reabsorption was proportionate to delivery of sodium from the proximal tubule. The results suggest that the abnormalities in tubular sodium and water handling in hypothyroid patients are comparable to those present in other patients with a similar degree of renal insufficiency. Thus, the tubular abnormalities in hypothyroidism may be a consequence of the associated decrease in glomerular filtration rate.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007037	Hypothyroidism	A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	Central Hypothyroidism,Primary Hypothyroidism,Secondary Hypothyroidism,TSH Deficiency,Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Deficiency,Central Hypothyroidisms,Deficiency, TSH,Deficiency, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone,Hormone Deficiency, Thyroid-Stimulating,Hypothyroidism, Central,Hypothyroidism, Primary,Hypothyroidism, Secondary,Hypothyroidisms,Primary Hypothyroidisms,Secondary Hypothyroidisms,TSH Deficiencies,Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Deficiency,Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Deficiencies
D007676	Kidney Failure, Chronic	The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	ESRD,End-Stage Renal Disease,Renal Disease, End-Stage,Renal Failure, Chronic,Renal Failure, End-Stage,Chronic Kidney Failure,End-Stage Kidney Disease,Chronic Renal Failure,Disease, End-Stage Kidney,Disease, End-Stage Renal,End Stage Kidney Disease,End Stage Renal Disease,End-Stage Renal Failure,Kidney Disease, End-Stage,Renal Disease, End Stage,Renal Failure, End Stage
D007684	Kidney Tubules	Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.	Kidney Tubule,Tubule, Kidney,Tubules, Kidney
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D009318	Natriuresis	Sodium excretion by URINATION.	Natriureses
D004231	Diuresis	An increase in the excretion of URINE. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)	Diureses
D005260	Female		Females
D005919	Glomerular Filtration Rate	The volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time. It is considered to be equivalent to INULIN clearance.	Filtration Rate, Glomerular,Filtration Rates, Glomerular,Glomerular Filtration Rates,Rate, Glomerular Filtration,Rates, Glomerular Filtration
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man