OBJECTIVE When investigating a case of unexplained corneal ulceration, we need to think of fungal infection and any predisposing factors. METHODS A case study of a corneal ulceration in a patient who was HIV positive with a devastating visual outcome. RESULTS Therapeutic corneal graft was necessary due to corneal perforation. Immunocompromised state of patient was retrospectively diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS Candida albicans keratitis is an opportunistic infection of a compromised cornea, and sometimes unknowingly compromised host, which can be initially misdiagnosed. Despite intensive antifungal therapy, occasionally patients require corneal grafting to improve vision, and before it is possible to establish an accurate diagnosis.