Biomaterial Database

Anaesthesia techniques for midazolam and flumazenil--an overview. 1990

P M Lauven, and P J Kulka

Institute for Anaesthesiology, University of Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany.

Midazolam, the latest benzodiazepine agonist, may be used in doses of 0.15 to 0.2 mg.kg-1 for induction of anaesthesia. It provides good correlation between plasma concentration and anaesthetic effect with an interindividual variability of only 20-25%. On this basis, dosage recommendations for midazolam in total intravenous anaesthesia techniques are possible, aiming at hypnotic plasma concentrations of at least 250 ng.ml-1. Due to its biological half-life of 150-180 min and interindividual differences in drug susceptibility, prolonged recovery periods have been observed that can safely and reliably be antagonised by flumazenil, if necessary. It is recommended that flumazenil be administered carefully by titration in increments of 0.1 mg.min-1 to avoid emergence reactions by awakening too fast (tachycardia, hypertension). Usually a mean total dose of 0.4-0.5 mg will lead to prompt awakening.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007262	Infusions, Intravenous	The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.	Drip Infusions,Intravenous Drip,Intravenous Infusions,Drip Infusion,Drip, Intravenous,Infusion, Drip,Infusion, Intravenous,Infusions, Drip,Intravenous Infusion
D008874	Midazolam	A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.	Dormicum,Midazolam Hydrochloride,Midazolam Maleate,Ro 21-3981,Versed,Hydrochloride, Midazolam,Maleate, Midazolam,Ro 21 3981,Ro 213981
D011184	Postoperative Period	The period following a surgical operation.	Period, Postoperative,Periods, Postoperative,Postoperative Periods
D005442	Flumazenil	A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.	Flumazepil,Anexate,Lanexat,Ro 15-1788,Romazicon,Ro 15 1788,Ro 151788
D006207	Half-Life	The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.	Halflife,Half Life,Half-Lifes,Halflifes
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000771	Anesthesia, Intravenous	Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream.	Anesthesias, Intravenous,Intravenous Anesthesia,Intravenous Anesthesias