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Evolutionary analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype SAT 1 isolates from east Africa suggests two independent introductions from southern Africa. 2010

Abraham K Sangula, and Graham J Belsham, and Vincent B Muwanika, and Rasmus Heller, and Sheila N Balinda, and Charles Masembe, and Hans R Siegismund
Makerere University, Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, Molecular Biology Laboratory, P, O, Box 7298, Kampala, Uganda. aksangula@muienr.mak.ac.ug

BACKGROUND In East Africa, foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype SAT 1 is responsible for occasional severe outbreaks in livestock and is known to be maintained within the buffalo populations. Little is known about the evolutionary forces underlying its epidemiology in the region. To enhance our appreciation of the epidemiological status of serotype SAT 1 virus in the region, we inferred its evolutionary and phylogeographic history by means of genealogy-based coalescent methods using 53 VP1 coding sequences covering a sampling period from 1948-2007. RESULTS The VP1 coding sequence of 11 serotype SAT 1 FMD viruses from East Africa has been determined and compared with known sequences derived from other SAT 1 viruses from sub-Saharan Africa. Purifying (negative) selection and low substitution rates characterized the SAT 1 virus isolates in East Africa. Two virus groups with probable independent introductions from southern Africa were identified from a maximum clade credibility tree. One group was exclusive to Uganda while the other was present within Kenya and Tanzania. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a baseline characterization of the inter-regional spread of SAT 1 in sub-Saharan Africa and highlight the importance of a regional approach to trans-boundary animal disease control in order to monitor circulating strains and apply appropriate vaccines.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D000351 Africa, Eastern The geographical area of Africa comprising BURUNDI, DJIBOUTI, ERITREA, ETHIOPIA, KENYA, RWANDA, SOMALIA, SOUTH SUDAN, SUDAN, TANZANIA, and UGANDA. East Africa,Eastern Africa
D000353 Africa, Southern The geographical area of Africa comprising ANGOLA; BOTSWANA; LESOTHO; MALAWI; MOZAMBIQUE; NAMIBIA; SOUTH AFRICA; SWAZILAND; ZAMBIA; and ZIMBABWE. Southern Africa
D001499 Bayes Theorem A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result. Bayesian Analysis,Bayesian Estimation,Bayesian Forecast,Bayesian Method,Bayesian Prediction,Analysis, Bayesian,Bayesian Approach,Approach, Bayesian,Approachs, Bayesian,Bayesian Approachs,Estimation, Bayesian,Forecast, Bayesian,Method, Bayesian,Prediction, Bayesian,Theorem, Bayes
D012367 RNA, Viral Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. Viral RNA
D012641 Selection, Genetic Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population. Natural Selection,Genetic Selection,Selection, Natural
D017423 Sequence Analysis, RNA A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and information analysis of an RNA SEQUENCE. RNA Sequence Analysis,Sequence Determination, RNA,Analysis, RNA Sequence,Determination, RNA Sequence,Determinations, RNA Sequence,RNA Sequence Determination,RNA Sequence Determinations,RNA Sequencing,Sequence Determinations, RNA,Analyses, RNA Sequence,RNA Sequence Analyses,Sequence Analyses, RNA,Sequencing, RNA
D058974 Phylogeography A field of study concerned with the principles and processes governing the geographic distributions of genealogical lineages, especially those within and among closely related species. (Avise, J.C., Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, 2000) Phylogenetic Biogeography,Biogeography, Phylogenetic
D019143 Evolution, Molecular The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations. Molecular Evolution,Genetic Evolution,Evolution, Genetic
D029544 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus The type species of APHTHOVIRUS, causing FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE in cloven-hoofed animals. Several different serotypes exist. Foot and Mouth Disease Virus,Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses
D036022 Capsid Proteins Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES. Procapsid Protein,Procapsid Proteins,Viral Coat Protein,Viral Coat Proteins,Viral V Antigens,Viral V Proteins,Capsid Protein,Viral Outer Coat Protein,Antigens, Viral V,Coat Protein, Viral,V Antigens, Viral,V Proteins, Viral

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