Biomaterial Database

Prospects for an AIDS vaccine. 1990

M Girard

Pasteur Vaccins, Marnes La Coquette, France.

The development of a vaccine against HIV meets with considerable difficulties. The virus shows considerable genetic variability. Neutralizing antibodies raised against one HIV-1 isolate do not cross-neutralize other HIV-1 isolates. HIV can also spread directly from cell to cell without entering extracellular fluids, thus escaping neutralization. It can remain latent in the body for long periods of time, probably as an integrated provirus in the genome of the host cell. Moreover, the HIV envelope glycoprotein appears to be poorly immunogenic for primates. It elicits only weak neutralizing antiviral antibody titers, perhaps due to epitopic suppression. Preliminary data suggest, however, that neutralizing antibodies might be protective, and there is evidence from work with SIV that certain types of vaccines might induce protection against infection. These findings foster the hope that it will eventually be possible to develop a HIV vaccine.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009500	Neutralization Tests	The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).	Neutralization Test,Test, Neutralization,Tests, Neutralization
D011498	Protein Precursors		Precursors, Protein
D002679	Pan troglodytes	The common chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family HOMINIDAE. It lives in Africa, primarily in the tropical rainforests. There are a number of recognized subspecies.	Chimpanzee,Chimpanzee troglodytes,Chimpanzee troglodyte,Chimpanzees,Pan troglodyte,troglodyte, Pan,troglodytes, Chimpanzee
D006678	HIV	Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	AIDS Virus,HTLV-III,Human Immunodeficiency Viruses,Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III,Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III,LAV-HTLV-III,Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus,Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus,Human Immunodeficiency Virus,Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III,Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type III,Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type III,Immunodeficiency Virus, Human,Immunodeficiency Viruses, Human,Virus, Human Immunodeficiency,Viruses, Human Immunodeficiency,AIDS Viruses,Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type III,Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus,Lymphadenopathy-Associated Viruses,Virus, AIDS,Virus, Lymphadenopathy-Associated,Viruses, AIDS,Viruses, Lymphadenopathy-Associated
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000163	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	AIDS,Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Acquired,Immunologic Deficiency Syndrome, Acquired,Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome,Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome,Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome,Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndromes,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes,Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome, Acquired,Immuno-Deficiency Syndromes, Acquired,Immunodeficiency Syndromes, Acquired,Syndrome, Acquired Immuno-Deficiency,Syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency,Syndromes, Acquired Immuno-Deficiency,Syndromes, Acquired Immunodeficiency
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014614	Vaccines, Synthetic	Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.	Antigens, Synthetic,Chemical Vaccine,Chemical Vaccines,Immunogens, Synthetic,Molecular Vaccine,Molecular Vaccines,Recombinant Vaccine,Semisynthetic Vaccine,Semisynthetic Vaccines,Synthetic Antigen,Synthetic Vaccine,Synthetic Vaccines,Vaccines, Recombinant,Synthetic Antigens,Synthetic Immunogens,Vaccines, Chemical,Vaccines, Molecular,Vaccines, Semisynthetic,Antigen, Synthetic,Recombinant Vaccines,Vaccine, Chemical,Vaccine, Molecular,Vaccine, Recombinant,Vaccine, Semisynthetic,Vaccine, Synthetic
D014616	Vaccinia virus	The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.	Buffalopox virus,Poxvirus officinale,Rabbitpox virus,Buffalo Pox Virus,Rabbit Pox Virus,Buffalo Pox Viruses,Buffalopox viruses,Rabbit Pox Viruses,Rabbitpox viruses,Vaccinia viruses,Virus, Buffalo Pox,Viruses, Buffalo Pox,virus, Buffalopox
D014758	Viral Core Proteins	Proteins found mainly in icosahedral DNA and RNA viruses. They consist of proteins directly associated with the nucleic acid inside the NUCLEOCAPSID.	Core Proteins, Viral,Major Core Protein,Major Core Proteins, Viral,Adenovirus Core Protein VII,Core Protein V,Core Protein lambda 2,Influenza Virus Core Proteins,Major Core Protein lambda 1,Major Core Protein lambda-1,Major Core Protein sigma 2,Major Core Protein sigma-2,OVP 19,Oncornaviral Protein P19,P30 Core Proteins,Viral Protein P19,Virus Core Proteins,Core Protein, Major,Core Proteins, P30,Core Proteins, Virus,Protein P19, Oncornaviral,Protein P19, Viral,Protein, Major Core,Proteins, P30 Core,Proteins, Viral Core,Proteins, Virus Core