Biomaterial Database

Sleep, performance, and plasma levels in chronic insomniacs during 14-day use of flurazepam and midazolam: an introduction. 1990

L C Johnson, and D A Chernik, and M J Sateia

San Diego State University, California.

A review of the published literature reveals many unanswered questions regarding the effects of sedative-hypnotics on sleep, performance, and mood. The relationship between plasma half-life and hypnotic efficacy is also not clear. A randomized, double-blind, parallel-groups, multicenter study was designed to examine sleep, performance, and mood in patients with insomnia. A large, heterogeneous sample of patients with a history of benzodiazepine use for chronic insomnia was chosen to reflect the adult population for which sedative-hypnotics are often prescribed and to ensure statistical reliability. Although the major focus of the current study was on the effects of two benzodiazepine hypnotics on performance, this study also provided information on the following important issues: (1) effect of dose level; (2) short-versus long-term administration; and (3) significance of plasma half-life as it relates to hypnotic efficacy.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007319	Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders	Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.	Disorders of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep,Insomnia,Sleeplessness,Chronic Insomnia,DIMS (Disorders of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep),Early Awakening,Insomnia Disorder,Nonorganic Insomnia,Primary Insomnia,Psychophysiological Insomnia,Rebound Insomnia,Secondary Insomnia,Sleep Initiation Dysfunction,Transient Insomnia,Awakening, Early,Dysfunction, Sleep Initiation,Dysfunctions, Sleep Initiation,Insomnia Disorders,Insomnia, Chronic,Insomnia, Nonorganic,Insomnia, Primary,Insomnia, Psychophysiological,Insomnia, Rebound,Insomnia, Secondary,Insomnia, Transient,Insomnias,Sleep Initiation Dysfunctions
D008134	Long-Term Care	Care over an extended period, usually for a chronic condition or disability, requiring periodic, intermittent, or continuous care.	Care, Long-Term,Long Term Care
D008874	Midazolam	A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.	Dormicum,Midazolam Hydrochloride,Midazolam Maleate,Ro 21-3981,Versed,Hydrochloride, Midazolam,Maleate, Midazolam,Ro 21 3981,Ro 213981
D011597	Psychomotor Performance	The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.	Perceptual Motor Performance,Sensory Motor Performance,Visual Motor Coordination,Coordination, Visual Motor,Coordinations, Visual Motor,Motor Coordination, Visual,Motor Coordinations, Visual,Motor Performance, Perceptual,Motor Performance, Sensory,Motor Performances, Perceptual,Motor Performances, Sensory,Perceptual Motor Performances,Performance, Perceptual Motor,Performance, Psychomotor,Performance, Sensory Motor,Performances, Perceptual Motor,Performances, Psychomotor,Performances, Sensory Motor,Psychomotor Performances,Sensory Motor Performances,Visual Motor Coordinations
D002908	Chronic Disease	Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	Chronic Condition,Chronic Illness,Chronically Ill,Chronic Conditions,Chronic Diseases,Chronic Illnesses,Condition, Chronic,Disease, Chronic,Illness, Chronic
D004311	Double-Blind Method	A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.	Double-Masked Study,Double-Blind Study,Double-Masked Method,Double Blind Method,Double Blind Study,Double Masked Method,Double Masked Study,Double-Blind Methods,Double-Blind Studies,Double-Masked Methods,Double-Masked Studies,Method, Double-Blind,Method, Double-Masked,Methods, Double-Blind,Methods, Double-Masked,Studies, Double-Blind,Studies, Double-Masked,Study, Double-Blind,Study, Double-Masked
D005479	Flurazepam	A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.	Apo-Flurazepam,Dalmadorm,Dalmane,Dormodor,Flurazepam Dihydrochloride,Flurazepam Hydrochloride,Flurazepam Mono-Perchlorate,Flurazepam Monohydrochloride,Staurodorm,Apo Flurazepam,Dihydrochloride, Flurazepam,Flurazepam Mono Perchlorate,Hydrochloride, Flurazepam,Mono-Perchlorate, Flurazepam,Monohydrochloride, Flurazepam
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012894	Sleep Stages	Periods of sleep manifested by changes in EEG activity and certain behavioral correlates; they formerly included Stage 1: sleep onset, drowsy sleep; Stage 2: light sleep; Stages 3 and 4: delta sleep, light sleep, deep sleep, telencephalic sleep. In 2007, sleep stages were redefined by The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) as: N1-N2 (sleep onset - light sleep), N3 (SLOW-WAVE SLEEP), and REM SLEEP.	N1-Sleep,N2-Sleep,NREM Stage 1,NREM Stage 2,N1 Sleep,N2 Sleep,Sleep Stage,Stage, Sleep,Stages, Sleep