Biomaterial Database

Plant tissue cultures. 2011

Anna Kärkönen, and Arja Santanen, and Kuninori Iwamoto, and Hiroo Fukuda

Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. anna.karkonen@helsinki.fi

Plant tissue cultures are an efficient system to study cell wall biosynthesis in living cells in vivo. Tissue cultures also provide cells and culture medium where enzymes and cell wall polymers can easily be separated for further studies. Tissue cultures with tracheary element differentiation or extracellular lignin formation have provided useful information related to several aspects of xylem and lignin formation. In this chapter, methods for nutrient medium preparation, callus culture initiation, and its maintenance, as well as those for protoplast isolation and viability observation, are described. As a case study, we describe the establishment of a xylogenic culture of Zinnia elegans mesophyll cells.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010937	Plant Growth Regulators	Any of the hormones produced naturally in plants and active in controlling growth and other functions. There are three primary classes: auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins.	Phytohormone,Phytohormones,Plant Growth Regulator,Plant Hormone,Plant Hormones,Growth Regulators, Plant,Regulators, Plant Growth,Growth Regulator, Plant,Hormone, Plant,Hormones, Plant,Regulator, Plant Growth
D011523	Protoplasts	The protoplasm and plasma membrane of plant, fungal, bacterial or archaeon cells without the CELL WALL.	Protoplast
D002454	Cell Differentiation	Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.	Differentiation, Cell,Cell Differentiations,Differentiations, Cell
D002455	Cell Division	The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.	M Phase,Cell Division Phase,Cell Divisions,Division Phase, Cell,Division, Cell,Divisions, Cell,M Phases,Phase, Cell Division,Phase, M,Phases, M
D003470	Culture Media	Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.	Media, Culture
D012639	Seeds	The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.	Diaspores,Elaiosomes,Embryos, Plant,Plant Embryos,Plant Zygotes,Zygotes, Plant,Diaspore,Elaiosome,Embryo, Plant,Plant Embryo,Plant Zygote,Seed,Zygote, Plant
D013242	Sterilization	The destroying of all forms of life, especially microorganisms, by heat, chemical, or other means.
D046508	Culture Techniques	Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or embryo in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types.	Culture Technique,Technique, Culture,Techniques, Culture
D058503	Mesophyll Cells	Large and highly vacuolated cells possessing many chloroplasts occuring in the interior cross-section of leaves, juxtaposed between the epidermal layers.	Palisade Parenchyma Cells,Spongy Mesophyll Cells,Cell, Mesophyll,Cell, Palisade Parenchyma,Cell, Spongy Mesophyll,Cells, Mesophyll,Cells, Palisade Parenchyma,Cells, Spongy Mesophyll,Mesophyll Cell,Mesophyll Cell, Spongy,Mesophyll Cells, Spongy,Palisade Parenchyma Cell,Parenchyma Cell, Palisade,Parenchyma Cells, Palisade,Spongy Mesophyll Cell
D018514	Plant Structures	The parts of plants, including SEEDS.	Plant Components,Component, Plant,Components, Plant,Plant Component,Plant Structure,Structure, Plant,Structures, Plant