BIOMAT Database Logo BIOMAT Database Logo

Carotenoids and their isomers: color pigments in fruits and vegetables. 2011

Hock-Eng Khoo, and K Nagendra Prasad, and Kin-Weng Kong, and Yueming Jiang, and Amin Ismail
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. hockeng_khoo@yahoo.com

Fruits and vegetables are colorful pigment-containing food sources. Owing to their nutritional benefits and phytochemicals, they are considered as 'functional food ingredients'. Carotenoids are some of the most vital colored phytochemicals, occurring as all-trans and cis-isomers, and accounting for the brilliant colors of a variety of fruits and vegetables. Carotenoids extensively studied in this regard include β-carotene, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin. Coloration of fruits and vegetables depends on their growth maturity, concentration of carotenoid isomers, and food processing methods. This article focuses more on several carotenoids and their isomers present in different fruits and vegetables along with their concentrations. Carotenoids and their geometric isomers also play an important role in protecting cells from oxidation and cellular damages.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007536 Isomerism The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed) Isomerisms
D002338 Carotenoids The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons containing 4 terpene subunits. Carotenes,Carotenoid,Tetraterpene Derivatives,Tetraterpenes,Carotene,Derivatives, Tetraterpene
D002851 Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed. Chromatography, High Performance Liquid,Chromatography, High Speed Liquid,Chromatography, Liquid, High Pressure,HPLC,High Performance Liquid Chromatography,High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,UPLC,Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography,Chromatography, High-Performance Liquid,High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies,Liquid Chromatography, High-Performance
D003116 Color The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengths of light. Colors
D005511 Food Handling Any aspect of the operations in the preparation, processing, transport, storage, packaging, wrapping, exposure for sale, service, or delivery of food. Food Processing,Handling, Food,Processing, Food
D005638 Fruit The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds. Berries,Legume Pod,Plant Aril,Plant Capsule,Aril, Plant,Arils, Plant,Berry,Capsule, Plant,Capsules, Plant,Fruits,Legume Pods,Plant Arils,Plant Capsules,Pod, Legume,Pods, Legume
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000975 Antioxidants Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard oxidation reactions. They counteract the damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues. Anti-Oxidant,Antioxidant,Antioxidant Activity,Endogenous Antioxidant,Endogenous Antioxidants,Anti-Oxidant Effect,Anti-Oxidant Effects,Anti-Oxidants,Antioxidant Effect,Antioxidant Effects,Activity, Antioxidant,Anti Oxidant,Anti Oxidant Effect,Anti Oxidant Effects,Anti Oxidants,Antioxidant, Endogenous,Antioxidants, Endogenous
D014675 Vegetables A food group comprised of EDIBLE PLANTS or their parts. Vegetable
D015394 Molecular Structure The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds. Structure, Molecular,Molecular Structures,Structures, Molecular

Related Publications

Hock-Eng Khoo, and K Nagendra Prasad, and Kin-Weng Kong, and Yueming Jiang, and Amin Ismail
[Potency of carotenoids found in vegetables and fruits].
May 2013, Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica,
Hock-Eng Khoo, and K Nagendra Prasad, and Kin-Weng Kong, and Yueming Jiang, and Amin Ismail
Vegetables, fruits, and carotenoids and the risk of cancer.
January 1991, The American journal of clinical nutrition,
Hock-Eng Khoo, and K Nagendra Prasad, and Kin-Weng Kong, and Yueming Jiang, and Amin Ismail
Fruits and stir-fried vegetables increase plasma carotenoids in young adults.
January 2007, Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition,
Hock-Eng Khoo, and K Nagendra Prasad, and Kin-Weng Kong, and Yueming Jiang, and Amin Ismail
Identification of carotenoids from fruits and vegetables with or without saponification and evaluation of their antioxidant activities.
June 2023, Journal of food science,
Hock-Eng Khoo, and K Nagendra Prasad, and Kin-Weng Kong, and Yueming Jiang, and Amin Ismail
Fruits and vegetables increase plasma carotenoids and vitamins and decrease homocysteine in humans.
June 2000, The Journal of nutrition,
Hock-Eng Khoo, and K Nagendra Prasad, and Kin-Weng Kong, and Yueming Jiang, and Amin Ismail
Carotenoids from fruits and vegetables: Chemistry, analysis, occurrence, bioavailability and biological activities.
October 2015, Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.),
Hock-Eng Khoo, and K Nagendra Prasad, and Kin-Weng Kong, and Yueming Jiang, and Amin Ismail
Relationship between color and antioxidant capacity of fruits and vegetables.
June 2020, Current research in food science,
Hock-Eng Khoo, and K Nagendra Prasad, and Kin-Weng Kong, and Yueming Jiang, and Amin Ismail
Identification and quantification of carotenoids, tocopherols and chlorophylls in commonly consumed fruits and vegetables.
March 2003, Phytochemistry,
Hock-Eng Khoo, and K Nagendra Prasad, and Kin-Weng Kong, and Yueming Jiang, and Amin Ismail
In vitro antimutagenic and in vivo anticlastogenic effects of carotenoids and solvent extracts from fruits and vegetables rich in carotenoids.
March 1998, Mutation research,
Hock-Eng Khoo, and K Nagendra Prasad, and Kin-Weng Kong, and Yueming Jiang, and Amin Ismail
Human tumor cell growth inhibition by nontoxic anthocyanidins, the pigments in fruits and vegetables.
February 2005, Life sciences,
Copied contents to your clipboard!