With the object of studying the impact of socio-hygienic, medico-biological and other factors on the level of stomatological morbidity in children from antenatal period and up to age 15, the author conducted an in-depth survey of 9,820 families residing in towns of autonomous republics of Middle Povolzhie. A multifactor disperse analysis revealed that the development of stomatological morbidity is greatly influenced by socio-hygienic conditions in the family, health status during pregnancy, maternal and child medico-biological factors and also by factors of stomatological medical care provided to children. The data obtained made it possible to formulate a conception of medicosocial prevention of major stomatological diseases. The data on the effectiveness of medicosocial prevention of caries in children were provided.